Modeling students' knowledge is a fundamental part of online learning platforms. Knowledge tracing is an application of student modeling which renowned for its ability to trace students' knowledge. Knowledge tracing ability can be used in online learning platforms for predicting learning performance and providing adaptive learning. Due to the wide uses of knowledge tracing in student modeling, this study aims to understand the state-of-the-art and future research of knowledge tracing. This study focused on reviewing 24 studies published between 2017 to the third quarter of 2021 in four digital databases. The selected studies have been filtered using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Several previous studies have shown that there are two approaches used in knowledge tracing, including probabilistic and deep learning. Bayesian Knowledge Tracing model is the most widely used in the probabilistic approach, while the Deep Knowledge Tracing model is the most popular model in the deep learning approach. Meanwhile, ASSISTments 2009–2010 is the most frequently tested dataset for probabilistic and deep learning approaches. In the future, additional studies are required to explore several models which have been developed previously. Therefore this study provides direction for future research of each existing approach.
A Literature Review of Knowledge Tracing for Student Modeling : Research Trends, Models, Datasets, and Challenges
