Comparison and analysis of ECSS based turbo decoder stopping rules

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Aslam Chaudhry ◽  
Mussadiq Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Stopping Rules ◽  
Turbo Decoder ◽  
Comparison And Analysis

scholarly journals Hardware implementation issues of turbo decoders

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MA Quaium ◽  
M Morshed ◽  
RC Roy
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Turbo Code ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Parallel Architecture ◽  
Convolutional Codes ◽  
Stopping Rules ◽  
Iterative Decoders ◽  
Turbo Decoder ◽  
Turbo Decoders ◽  
Implementation Aspects

This paper gives a general overview of the implementation aspects of turbo decoders. Although the parallel architecture of the turbo code is emphasized, the serial concatenated convolutional codes for the turbo decoder are discussed too. Considering the general structure of iterative decoders, the main features of the soft input and soft output algorithm, which are the heart of a turbo decoder, are observed. The efficient parallel architectures of turbo decoders are shown which allow high speed implementation. Apart from these, implementation aspects like quantization issues and stopping rules to increase the throughput as well as an evaluation of the various turbo decoders are discussed. Finally, we suggest a number of solutions to overcome the implementation issues as well as the complexities without affecting the high throughput rate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13068 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3), 327-332 2012

The Effects of the sphragis on male and female genitalia in Acraea (Nymphalidae) butterflies

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L Summers ◽  
Akito Y Kawahara ◽  
Ana P. S. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Storage Organ ◽  
Mating Plug ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Comparison And Analysis ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
Sexually Antagonistic Coevolution

Male mating plugs have been used in many species to prevent female re-mating and sperm competition. One of the most extreme examples of a mating plug is the sphragis, which is a large, complex and externalized plug found only in butterflies. This structure is found in many species in the genus Acraea (Nymphalidae) and provides an opportunity for investigation of the effects of the sphragis on the morphology of the genitalia, which is poorly understood. This study aims to understand morphological interspecific variation in the genitalia of Acraea butterflies. Using specimens from museum collections, abdomen dissections were conducted on 19 species of Acraea: 9 sphragis bearing and 10 non-sphragis bearing species. Genitalia imaging was performed for easier comparison and analysis and measurements of genitalia structures was done using ImageJ software. Some distinguishing morphological features in the females were found. The most obvious difference is the larger and more externalized copulatory opening in sphragis bearing species, with varying degrees of external projections. Females of the sphragis bearing species also tend to have a shorter ductus (the structure that connects the copulatory opening with the sperm storage organ) than those without the sphragis. These differences may be due to a sexually antagonistic coevolution between the males and females, where the females evolve larger and more difficult to plug copulatory openings and the males attempt to prevent re-mating with the sphragis.

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