scholarly journals LoST: Local State Transfer -- An Architectural Style for the Distributed Enactment of Business Protocols

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munindar P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Local State ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
State Transfer ◽  
Business Protocols

Enterprise Integration With the Structural Services Architectural Style

2019 ◽  
pp. 352-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Martins Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Enterprise Integration ◽  
Representational State Transfer ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
State Transfer ◽  
Enterprise Applications ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Structural Compliance

The Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural styles are the most used for the integration of enterprise applications. Each is more adequate to a different class of applications and exhibits advantages and disadvantages. This chapter performs a comparative study between them. It is shown that SOA and REST are dual architectural styles, one oriented towards behavior and the other towards state. This raises the question of whether it is possible to combine them to maximize the advantages and to minimize the disadvantages. A new architectural style, Structural Services, is proposed to obtain the best characteristics from SOA and REST. As in SOA, services are able to offer a variable set of operations and, as in REST, resources are allowed to have structure. This style uses structural interoperability, based on structural compliance and conformance. A service-oriented programming language is also introduced to instantiate this architectural style.

Improving Application Integration by Combining Services and Resources

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Martins Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Application Integration ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Representational State Transfer ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
State Transfer ◽  
Fixed Set ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Application Developers ◽  
Bare Minimum

The main application integration approaches, the service-oriented architecture (SOA) and representational state transfer (REST) architectural styles, are rather different in their modeling paradigm, forcing application developers to choose between one and the other. In addition, both introduce more application coupling than required, since data schemas need to be common, even if not all instantiations of those schemas are used. This chapter contends that it is possible to improve this scenario by conceiving a new architectural style, structural services, which combines services and resources to reduce the semantic gap with the applications, allowing to tune the application integration between pure service-based and pure resource-based, or an intermediate mix. Unlike REST, resources are not constrained to offer a fixed set of operations, and unlike SOA, services are allowed to have structure. In addition, compliance is used to reduce coupling to the bare minimum required by the actually used application features.

scholarly journals On the Need for a General REST-Security Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Lo Iacono ◽  
Hoai Nguyen ◽  
Peter Gorski
Keyword(s):  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Message Authentication ◽  
Security Framework ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Representational State Transfer ◽  
State Transfer ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Software Services

Contemporary software is inherently distributed. The principles guiding the design of such software have been mainly manifested by the service-oriented architecture (SOA) concept. In a SOA, applications are orchestrated by software services generally operated by distinct entities. Due to the latter fact, service security has been of importance in such systems ever since. A dominant protocol for implementing SOA-based systems is SOAP, which comes with a well-elaborated security framework. As an alternative to SOAP, the architectural style representational state transfer (REST) is gaining traction as a simple, lightweight and flexible guideline for designing distributed service systems that scale at large. This paper starts by introducing the basic constraints representing REST. Based on these foundations, the focus is afterwards drawn on the security needs of REST-based service systems. The limitations of transport-oriented protection means are emphasized and the demand for specific message-oriented safeguards is assessed. The paper then reviews the current activities in respect to REST-security and finds that the available schemes are mostly HTTP-centered and very heterogeneous. More importantly, all of the analyzed schemes contain vulnerabilities. The paper contributes a methodology on how to establish REST-security as a general security framework for protecting REST-based service systems of any kind by consistent and comprehensive protection means. First adoptions of the introduced approach are presented in relation to REST message authentication with instantiations for REST-ful HTTP (web/cloud services) and REST-ful constraint application protocol (CoAP) (internet of things (IoT) services).

Bridging Services and Resources with Structural Services

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Representational State Transfer ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
State Transfer ◽  
Fixed Set ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Media Types ◽  
Structural Compliance

The most used approaches for distributed application integration are based on the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural styles. Each is more adequate to a different class of applications and exhibits advantages and disadvantages. This paper not only shows that they are dual architectural styles, SOA oriented towards behavior (services) and REST towards state (structured resources), but also contends that it is possible to combine them to maximize the advantages and to minimize the disadvantages. A new architectural style, Structural Services, is proposed and described. Unlike REST, resources are not constrained to offer a fixed set of operations and, unlike SOA, services are allowed to have structure. To minimize resource coupling, this style uses structural interoperability based on the concepts of structural compliance and conformance, instead of schema sharing (as in SOA) or standardized and previously agreed upon media types (as in REST).

The fallacy of the multi-API culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Verborgh ◽  
Seth van Hooland ◽  
Aaron Straup Cope ◽  
Sebastian Chan ◽  
Erik Mannens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Representational State Transfer ◽  
Multiple Interfaces ◽  
State Transfer ◽  
Generic Architecture ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to revisit a decade after its conception the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style and analyzes its relevance to address current challenges from the Library and Information Science (LIS) discipline. Design/methodology/approach – Conceptual aspects of REST are reviewed and a generic architecture to support REST is presented. The relevance of the architecture is demonstrated with the help of a case study based on the collection registration database of the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum. Findings – The authors argue that the “resources and representations” model of REST is a sustainable way for the management of web resources in a context of constant technological evolutions. Practical implications – When making information resources available on the web, a resource-oriented publishing model can avoid the costs associated with the creation of multiple interfaces. Originality/value – This paper re-examines the conceptual merits of REST and translates the architecture into actionable recommendations for institutions that publish resources.

scholarly journals Evaluating a Representational State Transfer (REST) Architecture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Costa ◽  
Paulo Pires
Keyword(s):  
Quality Attribute ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Representational State Transfer ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
State Transfer ◽  
Architecture Evaluation ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Representational State ◽  
And Performance

The use of Representational State Transfer (REST) as an architectural style for integrating services and applications brings several benefits, but also poses new challenges and risks. Particularly important among those risks are failures to effectively address quality attribute requirements such as security, reliability, and performance. An architecture evaluation can identify and help mitigate those risks. In this work we present guidelines to assist architecture evaluation activities in REST-based systems. These guidelines can be systematically used in conjunction with scenario-based evaluation methods to reason about design considerations and trade-offs. This work also present the results of a survey conducted with industry specialists who have performed architecture evaluations in real world REST-based systems in order to gauge the suitability and utility of the proposed guidelines.

Structural Services

2015 ◽  
pp. 50-91
Author(s):  
Jose Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Programming Language ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Semantic Gap ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Enterprise Integration ◽  
Representational State Transfer ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
State Transfer ◽  
Distributed Service ◽  
Service Oriented

This chapter compares the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural styles and contends that both have advantages and limitations for enterprise integration. SOA, based on behavior, has a lower modeling semantic gap for complex applications but lacks support for structured resources common in lower-grained applications. REST is based on structure and hypermedia but has a higher semantic gap in complex applications and, as this chapter contends, does not entail a lower resource coupling than SOA. A new architectural style, Structural Services, is proposed to get the best of both worlds, while reducing coupling with structural interoperability based on the concepts of compliance and conformance. Unlike REST, resources are able to offer a variable set of operations, and unlike SOA, services are allowed to have structure and use hypermedia. A distributed service programming language is briefly described to illustrate how this architectural style can be instantiated.

Analyzing GraphQL Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-140
Author(s):  
Mafalda Isabel Landeiro ◽  
Isabel Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
State Transfer ◽  
The Way

Web applications today play a significant role, with a large number of devices connected to the internet, and data is transmitted across disparate platforms at an unprecedented rate. Many systems and platforms require applications to adapt quickly and efficiently to the needs of consumers. In 2000, the Representation State Transfer (REST) was introduced, and the developers quickly adopted it. However, due to the growth of consumers and the different needs, this architectural style, in the way it is used, revealed some weaknesses related to the performance and flexibility of the applications. These are or can be addressed with GraphQL. In this chapter several alternatives to use GraphQL are explained and their benefits in terms of performance and flexibility. Some prototypes were implemented in an organization, and the results of some experiments were analyzed in light of possible gains in performance.

scholarly journals AnnoGene: RESTful Web Service For Annotating Genomic Features

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Andrzej Tomski ◽  
Marcin Piechota ◽  
Ryszard Przewłocki
Keyword(s):  
Web Service ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Web Browser ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Java Programming ◽  
Representational State Transfer ◽  
State Transfer ◽  
Restful Web Service

Abstract Modern high-throughput sequencing techniques generate a constantly increasing amount of genomic data from eukaryotes. The main problem is quickly identifying the data that may provide information about the nature of intracellular processes, such as the targeting of transcription factor-binding sites. Typically, thousands of peaks or signals are found across the genome and the nearby genes must be annotated. We introduce AnnoGene - a web service for annotating genomic features. AnnoGene was implemented in a representational state transfer (REST) architectural style. The program searches for the gene nearest to the center of a genomic position. Subsequently, the location and annotationsof the gene are shown. The tool can be downloaded and run on a local computer, but it was designed to be a web service. AnnoGene is freely available through a web browser. Moreover, our paper covers examples of the REST clients written in the Python, R and Java programming languages. AnnoGene only requires genomic positions from the user. Even when annotating several thousand positions, the output is typically ready in a few seconds. Moreover, this tool supports Seqinspector – a web tool for finding regulators of the genes.

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