How could a work of architecture that is designed to evoke a Bilbao effect be designed sustainably and in accordance with Vitruvius’s principle?

<p>The economy of a region could potentially be enhanced if numerous travelers were attracted by the architecture, and it couldalso lead to improving the economy of the nation. This thesis considers three primary aspects which are Vitruvius’s principleand the relationship to “form follows function”, the sustainable design, and the Bilbao effect. Furthermore, Vitruvius’s principle has consisted of “the strength”, “the utility”, and “the beauty”, historically. In this thesis, the proposed building which is thecombination of museum, concert hall and accommodation is to fulfill those three primary aspects. However, many problemscould currently be identified in architecture. For instance, there has been fuzzy understanding of what architecture meansauthentically. In addition, while some complex architecture exists in the world, there are many different approaches to designit. As the methodology of this thesis-project, the concept which is to affect the proposed architecture will be determined. Inthis case, the meanings of the proposed site will be discovered. Subsequently, the experimentation of architectural forms willbe conducted with integrating the meanings into the forms. The forms created manually will be digitized by the software andthe plug-in, Rhinoceros and Grasshopper. Subsequent to the finalization of the architectural form, the environmental andbuilding-performance simulations will be executed by the other plug-ins, Honeybee and Ladybug. Besides the literature andprecedent review, the sustainable strategies will be specified, being based on the result of the simulations. Then, the architectural form will be customized with the necessary building components in order to become functional architecture as the developed design. As a result, the architecture which could potentially invoke a Bilbao effect with the sustainability and Vitruvius’s principle will be designed in this thesis. In the future, complex architecture which resembles Guggenheim MuseumBilbao will be able to be designed less difficultly, with integrating the sustainable aspect and the authentic architectural style.</p>

How could a work of architecture that is designed to evoke a Bilbao effect be designed sustainably and in accordance with Vitruvius’s principle?

<p>The economy of a region could potentially be enhanced if numerous travelers were attracted by the architecture, and it couldalso lead to improving the economy of the nation. This thesis considers three primary aspects which are Vitruvius’s principleand the relationship to “form follows function”, the sustainable design, and the Bilbao effect. Furthermore, Vitruvius’s principle has consisted of “the strength”, “the utility”, and “the beauty”, historically. In this thesis, the proposed building which is thecombination of museum, concert hall and accommodation is to fulfill those three primary aspects. However, many problemscould currently be identified in architecture. For instance, there has been fuzzy understanding of what architecture meansauthentically. In addition, while some complex architecture exists in the world, there are many different approaches to designit. As the methodology of this thesis-project, the concept which is to affect the proposed architecture will be determined. Inthis case, the meanings of the proposed site will be discovered. Subsequently, the experimentation of architectural forms willbe conducted with integrating the meanings into the forms. The forms created manually will be digitized by the software andthe plug-in, Rhinoceros and Grasshopper. Subsequent to the finalization of the architectural form, the environmental andbuilding-performance simulations will be executed by the other plug-ins, Honeybee and Ladybug. Besides the literature andprecedent review, the sustainable strategies will be specified, being based on the result of the simulations. Then, the architectural form will be customized with the necessary building components in order to become functional architecture as the developed design. As a result, the architecture which could potentially invoke a Bilbao effect with the sustainability and Vitruvius’s principle will be designed in this thesis. In the future, complex architecture which resembles Guggenheim MuseumBilbao will be able to be designed less difficultly, with integrating the sustainable aspect and the authentic architectural style.</p>

Slow Tourism in the Sustainability of Local Culture

The essence of slow tourism is the sustainability of the locals. Slow tourism includes tourism activities by visiting slow cities, tasting slow food, and enjoying the moment, avoiding the worry of uploading photos to social media accounts while experiencing all these. Slow tourism is based on the need to experience travel within the framework of sustainability and to prioritize the locals during these travels. What is important in this tourism activity is not how long a destination is spent or how many destinations are visited, but how productive time is spent at the destination and the emotions that emerge afterward. In addition to these, many practices are carried out to ensure the sustainability of local culture, especially in slow cities, within the scope of slow tourism. Practices such as the continuation of local handicrafts, ensuring the continuity of local life under the influence of ancient civilizations, and sustainability of the local architectural style are included in slow city destinations. The essence of all this is to ensure the continuity of the local culture.

ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CITY OF ‎NAZNRETH DURING THE OTTOMAN ERA 1517-‎‎1918‎

This study aims to show the urban aspects of the ‎Nazareth during the Ottoman era 1517 – 1918 in the ‎light of the Ottoman documents and the drawings and ‎pictures of European travelers and its role in its ‎transformation from a small village to an urban city and ‎then a district center. And learn about the interest that ‎the city of Nazareth purified from the Ottoman ‎government in this field. And that is through studying ‎the urban monuments in the city, such as: the houses, ‎Islamic and Christian religious places, the Saraiya, the ‎markets, the khans, Mary's well.‎ It began with a discussion of historical geography, and I ‎presented the descriptions of Arab and European ‎travelers to Nazareth, then the study touched on the ‎presentation of the architectural style in the city of ‎Nazareth, the presentation of the survey and ‎reconciliation process for some historical monuments in ‎Nazareth, and finally the conclusion.

SIGNIFICANCE OF FORESTS IN TRIBAL VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE: IN CONTEXT TO KHARIA TRIBE IN JHARKHAND,INDIA

Tribal community and their association with nature is deeply rooted. The primitive tribes in India and the world are settled around forests or islands and use their products for their livelihood. The style of architecture, art, culture, beliefs, socio-economic framework is guided by the local environment. As the primitive tribe remain secluded from the urban development and advancement, their beliefs and practices are limited and are based on real time experiences. The availability of resources around the community shapes the type of architectural and cultural practices of the tribe. The forest provides ample resources like wood, fodder, mud, straw, etc. which serves as construction materials, fuel, and source of livelihood for the ethnic community. The article throws light on the influence of forests and its resourceson the vernacular architectural style, the settlement pattern, dwelling units, construction technology and, materials which ultimately responds to the local climate, art, culture, socio-economic framework, and beliefs of the people.

Evolution in Approach to Colour in Tall Buildings’ Architecture on the Isle of Dogs, London, UK

Architects’ approach towards colour in architectural design evolved radically in the recent 50 years, and ranges from a modernist aversion to a vernacular appreciation. These changes were linked to the development of culture, technology and scientific knowledge in different areas connected to human functioning. The authors have examined evolution in design of tall buildings in the Isle of Dogs in London (UK) since the 1980s. The area experienced major growth spurs in the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, resulting in the greatest concentration of tall buildings in London today. The Island has been a playground for architects who have developed a range of approaches to the design of towers. The authors observed the evolution of architectural style, analyzed application of colour and made connections between scale, beauty and human behaviour. They concluded that colour in tall buildings’ architecture on the Isle of Dogs is predominantly used to disguise their massing. Colour detail facilitates the domestic feel of a public realm. Therefore, alongside decorative quality, and if considerately applied, colour may positively influence the quality of living and working environments.

Form Follows Function: A Statement Taken too far

This research article examines the study of the philosophy behind the statement "Form Follows Function", its relation to modernist architecture and its interpretation in contemporary architecture. It explains the basic principles of this philosophy, which began with the work of Louis Sullivan and how this statement actually came into existence. It defines the basic terms and vocabulary of this philosophy. It identifies the concepts of this philosophy that were transferred to architecture and became the basis of modernist architectural style. Modernist projects and buildings are very functional and lack any kind of ornamentation. The “transfer” of the concepts of form follow function to architecture was very direct and literal, this is the reason why it isn't suitable for the contemporary world. Moreover, the time when this statement was given was the time when world war one had just taken place and a fast and low funded restoration of infrastructure was needed. There is not any such kind of need in the contemporary world. The technology has advanced to such an extent that the functions can be fit into even the strangest forms which us to experiment. enables The focus is now more on the forms and the aesthetics which has been highly employed in the deconstructivist style. The new concept of adaptive reuse cannot be employed in the modernist architecture which is a big disadvantage. Keywords: form, function, modernism, post modernism

Architectural style spreads its wings: New Zealand Architecture in the 1880s

The 1880s was a period in New Zealand of economic depression. It caused "unemployment, family distress, ragged children and exploited women workers, general business collapse, a crash in the property market, a ten-year banking crisis, bankruptcies and unstable ministries." But despite this Hodgson identifies this period in New Zealand's architectural history as one when: "Architectural style ... started to spread its wings and this period contains some fine examples of building design which was definitely out of the mainstream."

Procedural Gothic: Regenerating Wellington's 19th Century Timber Churches

<p>This research looks at using the technique of procedural modelling to investigate the characteristic rules present within a loosely defined architectural style. The 19th-century timber Gothic churches built in the city of Wellington, New Zealand are examples of a particular interpretation of the Gothic style. Although they all share common aspects, there are no prescribed rules regulating how these churches were designed. This research explores a methodology for creating a procedural 'timber Gothic church generator' that is generated from an understanding and interpretation of the design of the buildings examined. Once developed, the procedural generator can be used to extrapolate, and produce other church designs as well as create hybrid designs. These outputs can be further refined through the creation of parametric rules. A key result of this methodology is to explicate better otherwise ambiguous design philosophies that are shared between the similar buildings. It shows how a design can be reverse-engineered and converted into procedural logic. The research establishes the process and logic to enable the creation of further rules to be explored.</p>

Procedural Gothic: Regenerating Wellington's 19th Century Timber Churches

<p>This research looks at using the technique of procedural modelling to investigate the characteristic rules present within a loosely defined architectural style. The 19th-century timber Gothic churches built in the city of Wellington, New Zealand are examples of a particular interpretation of the Gothic style. Although they all share common aspects, there are no prescribed rules regulating how these churches were designed. This research explores a methodology for creating a procedural 'timber Gothic church generator' that is generated from an understanding and interpretation of the design of the buildings examined. Once developed, the procedural generator can be used to extrapolate, and produce other church designs as well as create hybrid designs. These outputs can be further refined through the creation of parametric rules. A key result of this methodology is to explicate better otherwise ambiguous design philosophies that are shared between the similar buildings. It shows how a design can be reverse-engineered and converted into procedural logic. The research establishes the process and logic to enable the creation of further rules to be explored.</p>