2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Fatkhuroyan Fatkhuroyan ◽  
Trinah Wati

<p class="JudulABSInd"><strong>                                                                                  ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="abstrak">Indonesia mempunyai jalur gunung api mulai dari Sumatera, Jawa, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Banda, Maluku hingga Papua (USGS,1999). Hal ini menyebabkan Indonesia rawan terjadinya bencana akibat erupsi gunung berapi seperti lahar, abu vulkanik serta pencemaran udara yang mengandung zat berbahaya seperti sulfur dioksida (SO<sub>2</sub>) dan hidrogen sulfida (H<sub>2</sub>S). Sebaran abu vulkanik letusan gunung berapi menimbulkan banyak kerugian di sektor pertanian, kesehatan dan juga penerbangan. Pemantauan sebaran abu vulkanik menggunakan analisis penginderaan jauh satelit Himawari-8 dan AURA/OMI dilakukan pada peristiwa erupsi Gunung Raung, Gamalama dan Rinjani pada tahun 2015 bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dan memantau abu vulkanik gunung berapi serta arah pergerakannya dan dikaitkan dengan aktivitas gunung tersebut. Analisis menggunakan teknik komposit warna RGB (<em>Red Green Blue</em>) pada beberapa kanal visible dan inframerah dengan perangkat lunak Sataid pada citra satelit Himawari-8, sedangkan pada citra satelit AURA/OMI dengan pendeteksian emisi gas SO<sub>2</sub>. Hasil Pantauan satelit Himawari-8 menunjukkan abu vulkanik hasil kombinasi RGB dapat dideteksi dengan visual warna merah terang, sedangkan dari satelit OMI berdasarkan emisi SO<sub>2</sub> dapat digunakan untuk melacak keberadaan abu vulkanik dan berkaitan dengan aktivitas gunung. Pemantauan menggunakan penginderaan jauh dengan resolusi temporal yang cukup tinggi pada satelit Himawari-8 (10 menit) dan OMI (harian) dapat digunakan untuk melacak keberadaan abu vulkanik dan arah sebaran yang bermanfaat untuk antisipasi bahaya dari abu vulkanik tersebut sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk penyelamatan kebencanaan.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>Abu Vulkanik, Himawari-8, OMI, penginderaan jauh</p><p class="judulABS"><em><strong>                                                                                   ABSTRACT</strong></em></p><p class="Abstrakeng"><em>Indonesia volcanic zone lanes sweep through along Sumatera, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Banda, Molucca to Papua (USGS, 1999). It caused Indonesia become very vulnerable to disaster due to material from volcanic eruptions such as lava, volcanic ash and air pollution containing hazardous substances such as sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) and hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S). The distribution of Volcanic Ash due to volcanic eruption has caused many losses in the agricultural, health and aviation sectors. In this study, we observed the spread of volcanic ash using remote sensing analysis of satellite Himawari-8 and AURA / OMI at eruptions of Mount Raung, Gamalama and Rinjani in 2015. The aims are to detect and to monitor the volcanic ash as well as the direction of its movement that were associated to the mountain's activities. The analysis used the technique of color composite RGB (Red Green Blue) on several visible and infrared channels using Sataid software on satellite images Himawari-8 and SO<sub>2</sub> gas emissions detection on satellite image AURA / OMI. The result of RGB combination from Himawari-8 showed light red color for volcanic ash visualization, while SO<sub>2</sub> gas emissions from OMI can be use to track the vulcanic ash. The analysis showed that remote sensing with high temporal resolution of Himawari-8 (every 10 minutes) and OMI (daily) can be used to track the presence of volcanic ash and its direction of distribution and very useful to anticipate the hazards and for disaster rescue.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Volcanic Ash, Himawari-8, OMI, remote sensing</em></p>


1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D Walls ◽  
M. S Losowsky

SummaryA kinetic method for the quantitative estimation of plasma F.S.F. activity is described and discussed.This method was applied to normal subjects and to patients with chronic liver disease. The plasma F.S.F. activity was uninfluenced by either sex or age, and the normal range has been defined.A significant decrease in plasma F.S.F. activity was observed in patients with chronic liver disease. Subnormal levels of activity were found in 25% of such patients but were unrelated to episodes of abnormal haemorrhage. Plasma F.S.F. activity tended to be lower in patients with disease of greater clinical severity. In 2 patients showing clinical improvement there was an increase in plasma F. S. F. activity.It was confirmed that plasma fibrinogen levels increase with age.


2018 ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
E. M. Avraamova ◽  
V. N. Titov

The analysis of present-time directions in the study of social development has allowed to identify the resource approach as the most productive one which enables to assess social dynamics through the range of resource characteristics of different population groups and abilities of the relevant groups to apply development resources in the current economic and institutional conditions. Basing on the sociological survey conducted by ISAP RANEPA, the quantitative estimation of material and social recourses of the population has been made; integral values of the resource potential have been calculated as well. The issues of social structure formation are analyzed through the aspect of resource availability; the barriers of Russian middle-class enlargement are defined.


1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances J. Thomas ◽  
A. W. Steinbeck

ABSTRACT A modified method for the estimation of urinary pregnanetriol, pregnanetriol, pregnanetriolone, Δ5-pregnenetriol and tetrahydro S was investigated. The steroids, separated by chromatography, were measured quantitatively, tetrahydro S by reaction with blue tetrazolium and the other three as acetaldehydogenic substances. The excretion of these steroids was studied in suspected instances of adrenal and/or ovarian disease. Urinary pregnanetriol and tetrahydro S levels were normal in Cushing's syndrome, secondary adrenocortical carcinoma, the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, idiopathic hirsutism and hypertension. Tetrahydro S was doubtfully elevated in an instance of ectopic ACTH Cushing's syndrome. Pregnanetriol excretion was elevated in untreated cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and after treatment in some. Pregnanetriolone was found in all patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, including those receiving cortisone. Pregnanetriolone was also detected in Cushing's syndrome, secondary adrenocortical carcinoma, the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, ectopic ACTH Cushing's syndrome and suspected congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Δ5-pregnenetriol was present as a glucuronide in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome and idiopathic hirsutism. The diagnostic implications of these results are discussed.


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