Video Tracking of Insect Flight Path: Towards Behavioral Assessment

Animal models of stroke have been crucial in advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Currently, the standards for determining neurological deficit in rodents are the Bederson and Garcia scales, manual assessments scoring animals based on parameters ranked on a narrow scale of severity. Automated open field analysis of a live-video tracking system that analyzes animal behavior may provide a more sensitive test. Results obtained from the manual Bederson and Garcia scales did not show significant differences between pre- and post-stroke animals in a small cohort. When using the same cohort, however, post-stroke data obtained from automated open field analysis showed significant differences in several parameters. Furthermore, large cohort analysis also demonstrated increased sensitivity with automated open field analysis versus the Bederson and Garcia scales. These early data indicate use of automated open field analysis software may provide a more sensitive assessment when compared to traditional Bederson and Garcia scales.

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Downstroke and upstroke conflict during banked turns in butterflies

Journal of The Royal Society Interface ◽

10.1098/rsif.2021.0779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (185) ◽

Author(s):

P. Henningsson ◽

L. C. Johansson

Keyword(s):

General Feature ◽

Insect Flight ◽

Flight Path ◽

Flight Speed ◽

Rolling Motion ◽

Induced Drag ◽

Turn Radius ◽

Thrust Production

For all flyers, aeroplanes or animals, making banked turns involve a rolling motion which, due to higher induced drag on the outer than the inner wing, results in a yawing torque opposite to the turn. This adverse yaw torque can be counteracted using a tail, but how animals that lack tail, e.g. all insects, handle this problem is not fully understood. Here, we quantify the performance of turning take-off flights in butterflies and find that they use force vectoring during banked turns without fully compensating for adverse yaw. This lowers their turning performance, increasing turn radius, since thrust becomes misaligned with the flight path. The separation of function between downstroke (lift production) and upstroke (thrust production) in our butterflies, in combination with a more pronounced adverse yaw during the upstroke increases the misalignment of the thrust. This may be a cost the butterflies pay for the efficient thrust-generating upstroke clap, but also other insects fail to rectify adverse yaw during escape manoeuvres, suggesting a general feature in functionally two-winged insect flight. When lacking tail and left with costly approaches to counteract adverse yaw, costs of flying with adverse yaw may be outweighed by the benefits of maintaining thrust and flight speed.

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Predictive Power of Peer Behavioral Assessment for Subsequent Maladjustment in Community Samples of Disruptive and Nondisruptive Children

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry ◽

10.1017/s0021963099005181 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 181-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

George M. Realmuto ◽

Gerald J. August ◽

Joel M. Hektner

Keyword(s):

Predictive Power ◽

Behavioral Assessment

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Objective Assessment of Hearing in Children: Update on Procedures and Protocols

Perspectives on Hearing and Hearing Disorders in Childhood ◽

10.1044/hhdc21.2.50 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 50-58

Author(s):

James W. Hall ◽

Anuradha R. Bantwal

Keyword(s):

Psychosocial Development ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Behavioral Assessment ◽

Auditory Brainstem ◽

Test Battery ◽

Auditory Evoked Responses ◽

Brainstem Response ◽

Assessment Techniques ◽

Pediatric Populations

Early identification and diagnosis of hearing loss in infants and young children is the first step toward appropriate and effective intervention and is critical for optimal communicative and psychosocial development. Limitations of behavioral assessment techniques in pediatric populations necessitate the use of an objective test battery to enable complete and accurate assessment of auditory function. Since the introduction of the cross-check principle 35 years ago, the pediatric diagnostic test battery has expanded to include, in addition to behavioral audiometry, acoustic immittance measures, otoacoustic emissions, and multiple auditory evoked responses (auditory brainstem response, auditory steady state response, and electrocochleography). We offer a concise description of a modern evidence-based audiological test battery that permits early and accurate diagnosis of auditory dysfunction.

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Behavioral Assessment of Social Interactions in Natural Settings

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.12.2.124 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 124-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carlos Santoyo

Keyword(s):

Social Skills ◽

Social Interaction ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Behavioral Assessment ◽

Behavioral Observation ◽

Social Responsiveness ◽

Social Agents ◽

Social Effectiveness ◽

Natural Settings

The present paper deals with behavioral assessment of social interaction in natural settings. The design of observational systems that allow the identification of the direction, contents, quality and social agents involved in a social interchange is an aim of social interaction assessment and research. In the first part a description of a system of behavioral observation of social interaction is presented. This system permits the identification of the above mentioned aspects. Secondly a strategy for the behavioral assessment of social skills is described. This strategy is based on the consequences and effects of social interaction, and it is supported by three basic processes: social effectiveness, social responsiveness and reciprocity.

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Cognitive Factors Mediate the Relation Between Age and Flight Path Maintenance in General Aviation

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors ◽

10.1027/2192-0923/a000102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 81-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kathleen Van Benthem ◽

Chris M. Herdman

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Flight Path ◽

General Aviation ◽

Cognitive Factors ◽

Pilot Performance ◽

Pilot Error ◽

Age Related ◽

And Performance ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Identifying pilot attributes associated with risk is important, especially in general aviation where pilot error is implicated in most accidents. This research examined the relationship of pilot age, expertise, and cognitive functioning to deviations from an ideal circuit trajectory. In all, 54 pilots, of varying age, flew a Cessna 172 simulator. Cognitive measures were obtained using the CogScreen-AE ( Kay, 1995 ). Older age and lower levels of expertise and cognitive functioning were associated with significantly greater flight path deviations. The relationship between age and performance was fully mediated by a cluster of cognitive factors: speed and working memory, visual attention, and cognitive flexibility. These findings add to the literature showing that age-related changes in cognition may impact pilot performance.

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