A Novel Approach to Segment Skin Lesions in Dermoscopic Images Based on a Deformable Model

Epiluminescence microscopy, more simply, dermatoscopy, entails a process using imaging to examine skin lesions. Various sorts of skin ailments, for example, melanoma, may be differentiated via these skin images. With the adverse possibilities of malignant melanoma causing death, an early diagnosis of melanoma can impact on the survival, length, and quality of life of the affected victim. Image recognition-based detection of different tissue classes is significant to implementing computer-aided diagnosis via histological images. Conventional image recognition require handcrafted feature extraction before the application of machine learning. Today, deep learning is offering significant choices with the progression of artificial learning to defeat the complications of the handcrafted feature extraction methods. A deep learning-based approach for the recognition of melanoma via the Capsule network is proposed here. The novel approach is compared with a multi-layer perceptron and convolution network with the Capsule network model yielding the classification accuracy at 98.9%.

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Differentiation of Benign Pigmented Skin Lesions with the Aid of Computer Image Analysis: A Novel Approach

Annals of Dermatology ◽

10.5021/ad.2013.25.3.340 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 340 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jae Woo Choi ◽

Young Woon Park ◽

Sang Young Byun ◽

Sang Woong Youn

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Computer Image ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Computer Image Analysis ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Pigmented Skin Lesions

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Computer Based Melanocytic and Nevus Image Enhancement and Segmentation

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/2082589 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Uzma Jamil ◽

M. Usman Akram ◽

Shehzad Khalid ◽

Sarmad Abbas ◽

Kashif Saleem

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Specular Reflection ◽

Normal Skin ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Lesion Detection ◽

Suggested Approach ◽

Novel Approach ◽

European Database ◽

Cancerous Lesion ◽

Segmentation Approach

Digital dermoscopy aids dermatologists in monitoring potentially cancerous skin lesions. Melanoma is the 5th common form of skin cancer that is rare but the most dangerous. Melanoma is curable if it is detected at an early stage. Automated segmentation of cancerous lesion from normal skin is the most critical yet tricky part in computerized lesion detection and classification. The effectiveness and accuracy of lesion classification are critically dependent on the quality of lesion segmentation. In this paper, we have proposed a novel approach that can automatically preprocess the image and then segment the lesion. The system filters unwanted artifacts including hairs, gel, bubbles, and specular reflection. A novel approach is presented using the concept of wavelets for detection and inpainting the hairs present in the cancer images. The contrast of lesion with the skin is enhanced using adaptive sigmoidal function that takes care of the localized intensity distribution within a given lesion’s images. We then present a segmentation approach to precisely segment the lesion from the background. The proposed approach is tested on the European database of dermoscopic images. Results are compared with the competitors to demonstrate the superiority of the suggested approach.

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Fine Structural Alterations in Thyroid Follicular Cells (FC) and Changes in Serum Thyroxine Produced by Feeding Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) to Rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079929 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 498-499

Author(s):

W.T. Collins ◽

Charles C. Capen ◽

Louis Kasza

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽

Serum Proteins ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Hepatic Necrosis ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Heat Transfer Fluids ◽

Thyroid Follicular Cells ◽

Peripheral Metabolism

The widespread contamination of the environment with PCB, a compound used extensively by industry in hydraulic and heat transfer fluids as well as plasticizers and solvents in adhesives and sealants, has resulted in detectable tissue levels in a large portion of the human population, domestic animals, and wildlife. Intoxication with PCB produces severe hepatic necrosis, degeneration of lymphoid tissues and kidney, skin lesions, decreased reproductive performance, reduced feed efficiency, and decreased weight gain. PCB also has been reported to reduce the binding of thyroid hormone to serum proteins and enhance the peripheral metabolism of thyroxine with increased excretion of thyroxine-glucuronide in the bile (Bastomsky, Endocrinology 95: 1150-1155, 1974).The objectives of this investigation were (1) to investigate the histopathologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural changes in thyroid FC produced by the acute (4 week) and chronic (12 week) administration of low (50 ppm) and high (500 ppm) doses of PCB to rats, (2) to correlate these alterations to changes in serum immunoreactive thyroxine concentration, and (3) to investigate the persistence of the effects of PCB on the thyroid gland.

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Copper-dependent ATP7B up-regulation drives the resistance of TMEM16A-overexpressing head-and-neck cancer models to platinum toxicity

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bcj20190591 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 476 (24) ◽

pp. 3705-3719 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Avani Vyas ◽

Umamaheswar Duvvuri ◽

Kirill Kiselyov

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Platinum Resistance ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Platinum Compounds ◽

Copper Chelation ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Cancer Models

Platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are routinely used for the treatment of many solid tumors including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, SCCHN resistance to platinum compounds is well documented. The resistance to platinum has been linked to the activity of divalent transporter ATP7B, which pumps platinum from the cytoplasm into lysosomes, decreasing its concentration in the cytoplasm. Several cancer models show increased expression of ATP7B; however, the reason for such an increase is not known. Here we show a strong positive correlation between mRNA levels of TMEM16A and ATP7B in human SCCHN tumors. TMEM16A overexpression and depletion in SCCHN cell lines caused parallel changes in the ATP7B mRNA levels. The ATP7B increase in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells was reversed by suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and by copper chelation using cuprizone and bathocuproine sulphonate (BCS). Pretreatment with either chelator significantly increased cisplatin's sensitivity, particularly in the context of TMEM16A overexpression. We propose that increased oxidative stress in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells liberates the chelated copper in the cytoplasm, leading to the transcriptional activation of ATP7B expression. This, in turn, decreases the efficacy of platinum compounds by promoting their vesicular sequestration. We think that such a new explanation of the mechanism of SCCHN tumors’ platinum resistance identifies novel approach to treating these tumors.

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Collecting Words: A Clinical Example of a Morphology-Focused Orthographic Intervention

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/2020_lshss-19-00050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 544-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kimberly A. Murphy ◽

Emily A. Diehm

Keyword(s):

Written Language ◽

Morphological Knowledge ◽

English Orthography ◽

Word Level ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Language Pathology ◽

The One ◽

Critical Intervention ◽

Reading And Spelling ◽

Reading And Spelling Difficulties

Purpose Morphological interventions promote gains in morphological knowledge and in other oral and written language skills (e.g., phonological awareness, vocabulary, reading, and spelling), yet we have a limited understanding of critical intervention features. In this clinical focus article, we describe a relatively novel approach to teaching morphology that considers its role as the key organizing principle of English orthography. We also present a clinical example of such an intervention delivered during a summer camp at a university speech and hearing clinic. Method Graduate speech-language pathology students provided a 6-week morphology-focused orthographic intervention to children in first through fourth grade ( n = 10) who demonstrated word-level reading and spelling difficulties. The intervention focused children's attention on morphological families, teaching how morphology is interrelated with phonology and etymology in English orthography. Results Comparing pre- and posttest scores, children demonstrated improvement in reading and/or spelling abilities, with the largest gains observed in spelling affixes within polymorphemic words. Children and their caregivers reacted positively to the intervention. Therefore, data from the camp offer preliminary support for teaching morphology within the context of written words, and the intervention appears to be a feasible approach for simultaneously increasing morphological knowledge, reading, and spelling. Conclusion Children with word-level reading and spelling difficulties may benefit from a morphology-focused orthographic intervention, such as the one described here. Research on the approach is warranted, and clinicians are encouraged to explore its possible effectiveness in their practice. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12290687

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