Fine Structural Alterations in Thyroid Follicular Cells (FC) and Changes in Serum Thyroxine Produced by Feeding Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) to Rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
W.T. Collins ◽  
Charles C. Capen ◽  
Louis Kasza
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Thyroid Follicular Cells ◽  
Peripheral Metabolism

The widespread contamination of the environment with PCB, a compound used extensively by industry in hydraulic and heat transfer fluids as well as plasticizers and solvents in adhesives and sealants, has resulted in detectable tissue levels in a large portion of the human population, domestic animals, and wildlife. Intoxication with PCB produces severe hepatic necrosis, degeneration of lymphoid tissues and kidney, skin lesions, decreased reproductive performance, reduced feed efficiency, and decreased weight gain. PCB also has been reported to reduce the binding of thyroid hormone to serum proteins and enhance the peripheral metabolism of thyroxine with increased excretion of thyroxine-glucuronide in the bile (Bastomsky, Endocrinology 95: 1150-1155, 1974).The objectives of this investigation were (1) to investigate the histopathologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural changes in thyroid FC produced by the acute (4 week) and chronic (12 week) administration of low (50 ppm) and high (500 ppm) doses of PCB to rats, (2) to correlate these alterations to changes in serum immunoreactive thyroxine concentration, and (3) to investigate the persistence of the effects of PCB on the thyroid gland.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Skin Resident Memory T Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Tokura ◽  
Pawit Phadungsaksawasdi ◽  
Kazuo Kurihara ◽  
Toshiharu Fujiyama ◽  
Tetsuya Honda
Keyword(s):  
Drug Eruption ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Fixed Drug Eruption ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Fixed Drug

Tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells reside in peripheral, non-lymphoid tissues such as the skin, where they act as alarm-sensor cells or cytotoxic cells. Physiologically, skin TRM cells persist for a long term and can be reactivated upon reinfection with the same antigen, thus serving as peripheral sentinels in the immune surveillance network. CD8+CD69+CD103+ TRM cells are the well-characterized subtype that develops in the epidermis. The local mediators such as interleukin (IL)-15 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are required for the formation of long-lived TRM cell population in skin. Skin TRM cells engage virus-infected cells, proliferate in situ in response to local antigens and do not migrate out of the epidermis. Secondary TRM cell populations are derived from pre-existing TRM cells and newly recruited TRM precursors from the circulation. In addition to microbial pathogens, topical application of chemical allergen to skin causes delayed-type hypersensitivity and amplifies the number of antigen-specific CD8+ TRM cells at challenged site. Skin TRM cells are also involved in the pathological conditions, including vitiligo, psoriasis, fixed drug eruption and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The functions of these TRM cells seem to be different, depending on each pathology. Psoriasis plaques are seen in a recurrent manner especially at the originally affected sites. Upon stimulation of the skin of psoriasis patients, the CD8+CD103+CD49a- TRM cells in the epidermis seem to be reactivated and initiate IL-17A production. Meanwhile, autoreactive CD8+CD103+CD49a+ TRM cells secreting interferon-γ are present in lesional vitiligo skin. Fixed drug eruption is another disease where skin TRM cells evoke its characteristic clinical appearance upon administration of a causative drug. Intraepidermal CD8+ TRM cells with an effector-memory phenotype resident in the skin lesions of fixed drug eruption play a major contributing role in the development of localized tissue damage. CTCL develops primarily in the skin by a clonal expansion of a transformed TRM cells. CD8+ CTCL with the pagetoid epidermotropic histology is considered to originate from epidermal CD8+ TRM cells. This review will discuss the current understanding of skin TRM biology and their contribution to skin homeostasis and diseases.

Malodorous Skin Lesions in a Diabetic Patient: Infectious Versus Neoplastic

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S113-S114
Author(s):  
Ismail Elbaz Younes ◽  
Julia Rewerska ◽  
Victoria Alagiozian-Angelova
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Lymphomatoid Papulosis ◽  
Type D

Abstract Primary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma is a rare entity accounting for <1% of all cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Almost all patients present with generalized skin lesions. This type of lymphoma has an extremely aggressive course with a median survival of 12 months. It tends to spread to other visceral sites, but lymph nodes are usually spared. We describe a case of a 59-year-old male with multiple necrotic malodours ulcers for several months. The first lesion was on his left thigh, followed by another lesion on his right chest and right eyelid. Medical history revealed newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. The patient received antibiotics, presumptively for infectious etiology of the skin lesion, with no improvement. The right thigh lesion was excised and histomorphologic examination revealed a deep dermal proliferation of large-sized pleomorphic cells with marked pagetoid epidermotropism and skin ulceration. The adnexal skin structures were invaded by the lesion. The lesional cells were immunoreactive for CD3, CD7, CD8, and granzyme B; they were negative for CD4, CD5, CD56, and CD30. The immunophenotype confirms the entity that we have at hand in addition to the similar clinical picture that the patient presented with. This disease usually shows clonal TR gene rearrangements; nonetheless, no specific mutational aberration has been described. Our patient received chemotherapy; however, new lesions continued to erupt and he opted to proceed with palliative care. Clinical information is needed to give this diagnosis as it may look identical to a variant of lymphomatoid papulosis (type D), CD8-positive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. We present this case due to the importance of clinical pathologic coloration to prevent misdiagnosis with mimickers as the ones pointed out earlier, and it is a provisional rare entity in the 2018 WHO classification of Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues.

LOW DIETARY ZINC INTAKE DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION OF GILTS. I. EFFECTS ON THE DAM

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KALINOWSKI ◽  
E. R. CHAVEZ
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum

Pairs of littermate gilts were fed semipurified diets (2 kg d−1) containing either 10 or 52 ppm Zinc (Zn) throughout pregnancy and the two first weeks of lactation (ad libitum). Low dietary Zn did not affect feed consumption or weight changes of gilts. Low-Zn gilts showed lower plasma Zn and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) throughout gestation and lactation and lower iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) before the last third of pregnancy. Urinary Zn was very sensitive to low Zn intake. Plasma protein and ammonia (NH3) were not affected by treatment. One-half of the deficient gilts exhibited skin lesions. Low-Zn gilts showed prolonged and stressful parturition with high incidence of intrapartum mortality reflected in the number of stillbirths. Total liveweight of the litter at birth, 1 and 2 wk of age was lower in Zn-deficient gilts. Low Zn supply did not affect the protein content or the profiles of the serum proteins of colostrum or milk but did affect the mineral composition. Colostrum of low-Zn gilts showed higher Cu, Fe and manganese (Mn), whereas milk showed lower Zn and higher Cu. Results obtained emphasize the importance of Zn for a normal pregnancy, delivery and nursing performance of the gilt. Key words: Zinc, gilts, pregnancy, lactation, piglets

scholarly journals Ultrastructural aspects of experimental cryptosporidiosis in pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-444
Author(s):  
A.P.F.R.L. Bracarense ◽  
A.C.F. Reis ◽  
I.L. Sinhorini
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Peyer’S Patches

The aim of this work was to determine ultrastructural changes on the intestinal mucosa and associated lymphoid tissues after an experimental infection with Cryptosporidium sp. Twelve piglets dosed orally with 1×10(6) oocysts were slaughtered on days 3, 6, 9 and 12 after inoculation. The ultrastructural lesions in the intestinal cells were irregular with thickened microvilli, cytoplasmic protrusions and vacuolation, swollen mitochondria, hypertrophic organelles and nuclei. The lymphocytes of the Peyer’s patches occasionally were mitotic with a larger number of lymphoblasts in the inoculated animals.

scholarly journals Structural Organization of the Liver in the Presence of Pig Hepatosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Suleymanov ◽  
Valentina Slobodianik ◽  
Olga Pavlenko ◽  
Luydmila Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Massive Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Lipid Vacuoles ◽  
Lobular Structure

The structural organization of the liver in hepatosis and its clinical and morphological manifestation in pigs were studied. In animals with reduced vitality, the liver underwent deep microscopic and ultrastructural changes. At hepatic steatosis, the liver had a cellular structure, many lipid vacuoles and the damage of mitochondrial membranes of a granular endoplasmic reticulum appeared in hepatocytes. Proteinosis was characterized by impaired of lobular structure, with protein swelling of the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and Disse’s spaces expansion, significant decrease of glycogen; mitochondrial swelling and the appearance of lysosomal vacuoles in the hepatocyte. In massive hepatic necrosis, hepatocyte dystrophy was noted, significant histochemical decrease of glycogen, lysis of the hepatocyte granule endoplasmic reticulum, pycnosis of the hepatocyte nucleus, and in general necrobiotic changes in the liver cells.

Ultrastructural Changes Caused by Plant Cytokxnins on Dog Thyroid Follicular Cells “In Vitro”

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
J. A. Fernandez-Pol
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Thyroid Follicular Cells ◽  
In Vitro Response ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Derivatives Of

Plant cytokinins are a group of growth promoting hormones with pronounced metabolic and regulatory effects not only on plants but also on microbial and animal cells (l). The effects of the N6-substituted derivatives of adenine, especially Zeatin (trans-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl)- aminopurine) and Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) on ultrastructure and on the in vitro response to Thyrotropin (TSH) or 8Br-cyclic AMP were studied in dog thyroid follicular cells.Thyroid slices were incubated in the presence of Zeatin or Kinetin with and without TSH or 8Br-cyclic AMP, after 30min. prior incubation in Earle's solution. Effects on ultrastructure were observed after 30min. to 6hrs. of incubation. The thyroid slices after removal from incubation flasks were fixed immediately in 3%glutaraldehyde-formalin in 0.05M phosphate buffer. Specimens were then treated as described elsewhere (2). Observations were performed with a Siemens IA electron microscope.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural changes in the thyroid follicular cells following encephalectomy or hypophysectomy in fetal rats.

1987 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426
Author(s):  
Yasunobu EGUCHI ◽  
Mitsuyuki SHIRAI ◽  
Kazuyoshi ARISHIMA ◽  
Masako YAMAMOTO ◽  
Yasuhiro UEDA
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Fetal Rats ◽  
Thyroid Follicular Cells

Goitres in rats fed polychlorinated biphenyls

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Bastomsky
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Serum Thyroxine ◽  
Low Serum

Rats fed a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture in a high- or low-iodine diet (HID or LID, respectively) for 15 days had thyroid enlargement, low serum thyroxine (T4), and high serum thyrotropin concentrations. Although binding of thyroid hormones to serum proteins was reduced in PCB-fed animals, the free T4 index (reflecting free T4 in serum) was less in these rats. Both serum triiodothyronine (T3) and the free T3 index were elevated in rats fed PCB in HID. LID-maintained rats had elevated serum T3 concentrations but the free T3 index was similar to that in HID-fed rats, owing to enhanced binding of thyroid hormone to serum proteins. Addition of PCB to LID reduced serum T3 levels but did not alter the free T3 index because binding was less. In rats fed HID containing PCB, thyroid 131I uptake was increased.

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