Prognostic Value and Computer Image Analysis of p53 in Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Background: P53 has different prognostic cut-off values in different mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) studies, and p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) interpretation is still based on semiquantitative estimation，which might be inaccurate. This study aimed to investigate the optimal cut-off value of p53 for predicting prognosis and the possibility of computer image analysis identifying the positive rate of p53 in patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Methods: We used QuPath software to determining the p53 positive rate and compared it to the data obtained by manual counting and semiquantitative estimation. Using Youden index and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis, we generated survival curves. Chi-squared (χ2) test was used to compared MCL cell morphology with p53. Spearman rank correlation test and Bland-Altman analysis were used to compared manual counting, computer image analysis and semiquantitative estimation.Results: The optimal cut-off value of p53 for predicting prognosis was 20% in MCL patients. Patients with p53 ≥ 20% had a significantly worse overall survival (OS) compared to p53 < 20% (P < 0.0001). MCL patients with blastoid/pleomorphic variant cell morphology had more p53 ≥ 20% than classical type (P < 0.0001). And a strong correlation between computer image analysis and manual counting p53 in the same areas in MCL patients (spearman's rho = 0.966, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: MCL patients with p53 ≥ 20% have a shorter OS, and a blastoid/pleomorphic variant tendency. Computer image analysis could reflect the actual positive rate of p53 and is a more attractive alternative than semiquantitative estimation in MCL.

Application of Computer Image Analysis for Measurement of Barley Vegetation

Progress in agriculture comes down to lowering the costs of plant production. One solution is precision farming, which saves on fertilisation, spraying and irrigation. Precision farming is mainly based on methods for measurement of coefficient of vegetation and geological conditions. For this purpose, aerial technology is used and nowadays drones are very often utilized to fields mapping. For this purpose, aerial technology is used and nowadays drones are very often used to mapping fields. On this basis, areas that require agricultural treatment are identified. The use of computer techniques improves the mapping process and the determination of vegetation coefficients. This paper presents a computer-based method for mapping of agricultural surface combined with image analysis and calculation of vegetation coefficients.

Tooth and Bone Parameters in the Assessment of the Chronological Age of Children and Adolescents Using Neural Modelling Methods

The analog methods used in the clinical assessment of the patient’s chronological age are subjective and characterized by low accuracy. When using those methods, there is a noticeable discrepancy between the chronological age and the age estimated based on relevant scientific studies. Innovations in the field of information technology are increasingly used in medicine, with particular emphasis on artificial intelligence methods. The paper presents research aimed at developing a new, effective methodology for the assessment of the chronological age using modern IT methods. In this paper, a study was conducted to determine the features of pantomographic images that support the determination of metric age, and neural models were produced to support the process of identifying the age of children and adolescents. The whole conducted work was a new methodology of metric age assessment. The result of the conducted study is a set of 21 original indicators necessary for the assessment of the chronological age with the use of computer image analysis and neural modelling, as well as three non-linear models of radial basis function networks (RBF), whose accuracy ranges from 96 to 99%. The result of the research are three neural models that determine the chronological age.

Homogeneity of the selected food mixes

The article presents the results of homogeneity assessments for selected food mixes based on computer image analysis. The study was conducted on müsli and condiment mixes standardly available on the consumer market. A total of 40 different ready-for-use products were analysed. Collected samples from three package of each product were placed in a special chamber and then photographed. Photographs were then subjected to computer image analysis to acquire information on the percentage content of individual components. Homogeneity assessment was based on the contents of a selected component called tracer and the coefficient of variation (CV). Lower CV values (3.02–27.31%) and thus better homogeneity was observed for condiment mixes as compared to müsli mixes (3.57–59.15%). Fourteen of twenty condiment mixes had adequate (acceptable at CV ≤ 10%) mixing degree. For the müsli, only six of the tested mixes had appropriate homogeneity. The presented results are a preliminary to developing an image-based methodology for determining the uniformity of granular dry food mixes.

Influence of the Type of Cement on the Action of the Admixture Containing Aluminum Powder

The study of the effect of cement type on the action of an admixture increasing the volume of concrete (containing aluminum powder), used in amounts of 0.5–1.5% of cement mass, was presented. The tests were carried out on cement mortars with Portland (CEM I) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag cement (CEM III). The following tests were carried out for the tested mortars: the air content in fresh mortars, compressive strength, flexural strength, increase in mortar volume, bulk density, pore structure evaluation (by the computer image analysis method) and changes in the concentration of OH− ions during the hydration of used cements. Differences in the action of the tested admixture depending on the cement used were found. To induce the expansion of CEM III mortars, a smaller amount of admixture is required than in the case of CEM I cement. Using the admixture in amounts above 1% of the cement mass causes cracks of mortars with CEM III cement due to slow hydrogen evolution, which occurs after mortar plasticity is lost. The use of an aluminum-containing admixture reduces the strength properties of the cement mortars, the effect being stronger in the case of CEM III cement. The influence of the sample molding time on the admixture action was also found.

Augmented Reality Research of Measuring X-Ray Dental Film Alveolar Bone Based on Computer Image Analysis System

The important application of computer imaging technology in the medical field is a necessary auxiliary method for clinical diagnosis and treatment. At present, many people are affected by various factors and have various problems caused by the dental cellular bone. Traditional treatment methods are complex and long, which can cause damage to body tissues. Based on this problem, this paper takes the augmented reality measurement of X-ray dental film as the research object. Based on the in-depth measurement algorithm of the computer image analysis system, two three-dimensional reconstruction methods based on the center of gravity and the matching of the front and side positions are proposed. These two methods only need two X-rays of the front and side of the dental film, the three-dimensional parameters are obtained through calculation and analysis of each spine in the X-ray film, and these parameters are used to fit the dental alveolar bone model. The experimental results prove that the computer-based image analysis system has a great effect on the measurement of X-ray dental film alveolar bone. The positive correlation coefficient reaches 0.87. Compared with the cerebral infarction caused by other methods, the proportion of people with dental film alveolar bone injury is about 15%; after treatment, the functional recovery rate reaches more than 80%. Studies have found that there is a great difference in the age of the population that needs to be treated for dental slices and alveolar bone. The grade of patients is generally under 20 and over 60. This shows that the measurement of X-ray dental film alveolar bone based on computer image analysis system can play an important role in protecting people's oral health.

Computer Image Analysis as a Method of Evaluating the Quality of Selected Fine-Grained Food Mixtures

This work presents the possibility of using computer image analysis to assess the quality of fine-grained food mixtures. The research was carried out using a mixture of wheat flour and algae. These types of ingredients are used, among others, to produce pasta, which is a functional food due to its enrichment with algae. The tests were carried out for mixtures with different shares of algae: 2%, 3% and 4% w/w. Mixing was carried out in a 3D mixer (Turbula® mixer), in which 20, 40 and 60 mL mixing vessels were placed. At the end of the process, samples were taken from four parts (sectors) of the mixing vessels, and then photos were taken with a digital camera. For this purpose, a specially prepared chamber was used, ensuring stable conditions for taking photos. The obtained images were analyzed in the Patan® program, determining the color on the RGB-256 scale. The obtained values were compared with the previously prepared reference specimen (simple linear regression formula). Based on this, it was possible to determine the share of algae in the samples taken and thus to estimate the homogeneity of the tested mixtures. The obtained results indicate the high reliability of the proposed solution.