A prospective case-control study on the association of intrauterine devices and cervical cancer risk; data from two educational centers

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women all over the world. Objectives: This study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of intrauterine devices (IUDs) on cervical cancer and precancerous lesions development. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in two different hospitals in Isfahan on 200 samples, since 100 of them had results indicating cervical cancer, and the rest had no abnormal lesions. For both groups, a questionnaire was filled out for IUD users and some related risk factors such as age, parity, abortions, smoking, previous Pap smear results contained sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) infections and the contraception method. Results: In this study, more cases of IUD use were recorded in the control group. We found that the use of natural methods did not prevent the development of precancerous lesions. In the results of the Pap smear, a large number were recorded as having a history of human papillomavirus (HPV). Additionally, a high percentage of cervical cancer patients’ smoking or passive smoking. We also recorded that 53% had more than two children, while the percentages of women at the birth of their first child and who did not have an abortion were almost equal in the two groups. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrated that IUD use is a contraceptive method with the capability of lowering the risk of cervical cancer progression. There is also an association between HPV infection, smoking, age, the number of parity and the usage of natural birth control methods with the development of cancerous lesion development.

Primary oral tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient

Primary tuberculosis of the tongue is very rare. The chronic ulceration is commonly misdiagnosed as a cancerous lesion. We report the case of a 44 years old immunocompetent woman who presented with a lingual chronic painful ulceration. The biopsy of the lesion showed a granulomatous inflammation, with caseous necrosis in the center. The ulceration healed after a 6 month tuberculosis treatment. Keywords: Tuberculosis; oral; immunocompetence; ulcer.

Recurrent syncope from parapharyngeal cancer

The glossopharyngeal nerve is a cause of reflex bradycardia and syncope in patients with head and neck cancer. These clinical syndromes are rare but can be debilitating with variation in clinical presentation. The underlying mechanism is often incorrectly assumed to be carotid sinus hypersensitivity due to the cancerous lesion; however, examples in the literature also report the effect on the glossopharyngeal nerve or its branches by parapharyngeal lesions. We report two such cases known to a palliative care service. The symptomatic treatment options were limited due to patients’ frailty. Both patients experienced some reduction in their syncopal symptoms with anticholinergic agents.

Loss of retinoic acid receptor-related receptor alpha (Rorα) promotes the progression of UV-induced cSCC

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is prevalent in the world, accounting for a huge part of non-melanoma skin cancer. Most cSCCs are associated with a distinct pre-cancerous lesion, the actinic keratosis (AK). However, the progression trajectory from normal skin to AK and cSCC has not been fully demonstrated yet. To identify genes involved in this progression trajectory and possible therapeutic targets for cSCC, here we constructed a UV-induced cSCC mouse model covering the progression from normal skin to AK to cSCC, which mimicked the solar UV radiation perfectly using the solar-like ratio of UVA and UVB, firstly. Then, transcriptome analysis and a series of bioinformatics analyses and cell experiments proved that Rorα is a key transcript factor during cSCC progression. Rorα could downregulate the expressions of S100a9 and Sprr2f in cSCC cells, which can inhibit the proliferation and migration in cSCC cells, but not the normal keratinocyte. Finally, further animal experiments confirmed the inhibitory effect of cSCC growth by Rorα in vivo. Our findings showed that Rorα would serve as a potential novel target for cSCC, which will facilitate the treatment of cSCC in the future.

Maxillofacial Prosthesis for Combined Intra and Extra-Oral Defect – A Case Report

Combined intra and extra oral defects can be stated as those facial defects which have an intraoral communicating route. Midfacial defects are aptly classified into 2 major categories by Marunick et al. 1 as midline midfacial defects in which the nose and / or upper lip defects are included; and the second major group was lateral defects in which the cheek and orbital defects are categorized. However, defects which include combinations of the above-mentioned defects are in existence. Midfacial defects which are acquired, present themselves often with severe disfigurement of structures and hence show impaired function. It is a meticulous task to rehabilitate the defects which are caused as a result of cancerous lesion resection as they are huge. Such post resection lesions frequently are rehabilitated by a facial prosthesis to maintain function as well as the appearance in the normal form. In adjunction to the facial prosthesis, an intraoral prosthesis which constitutes of an obturator is also required to regain the natural speech and pattern of swallowing. Fabrication of such facial prosthesis not only requires the artistic capability but also excellent clinical decision making of the prosthodontist. Mode of retention of the combined prosthesis should also be kept in mind while fabricating as it is also a difficult task to retain them because of the size and weight of the same. Moreover the prosthesis should also be secured in its place with these aids which can also prove as a challenge. This case report states rehabilitating a large surgically resected midfacial defect with the assistance of a “3-piece prosthesis” which constitutes a sectional intraoral obturator along with maxillary and mandibular extraoral facial prosthesis.

Breast Cancer Diagnosis With Mammography

Breast cancer, which is the second-most common and leading cause of cancer death among women, has witnessed growing interest in the two last decades. Fortunately, its early detection is the most effective way to detect and diagnose breast cancer. Although mammography is the gold standard for screening, its difficult interpretation leads to an increase in missed cancers and misinterpreted non-cancerous lesion rates. Therefore, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can be a great helpful tool for assisting radiologists in mammogram interpretation. Nonetheless, these systems are limited by their black-box outputs, which decreases the radiologists' confidence. To circumvent this limit, content-based mammogram retrieval (CBMR) is used as an alternative to traditional CAD systems. Herein, authors systematically review the state-of-the-art on mammography-based breast cancer CAD methods, while focusing on recent advances in CBMR methods. In order to have a complete review, mammography imaging principles and its correlation with breast anatomy are also discussed.

Three cases of non-operated uterine cancer under the influence of celandine treatment

Three patients with a cancerous lesion of the uterus were injected every other day and less often injections of celandine extract solution into the affected areas, tamponation with an extract solution, sometimes celandine was given inside.

Incidentally detected primary corneal squamous neoplasia in an elderly man presenting with cataract

Primary corneal neoplasia (PCN) is a rare cancerous lesion of cornea usually encountered in elderly. The clinical symptoms are generally non-specific, with ocular irritation, redness, cosmetic disfigurement and varying degrees of visual disturbances depending on visual axis involvement. Corneal neoplasia is usually associated with surrounding conjunctival lesions and incidentally detected PCN is rarely encountered in clinical practice. Presently, we report a case of isolated unilateral PCN diagnosed incidentally in an elderly man presenting with cataract. In vivo confocal microscopy aided in its diagnosis after impression cytology was repeatedly negative. Cataract surgery was deferred and the patient was administered three cycles of mitomycin C 0.04% 4 times/day. The tumour margins receded as evident on clinical examination and on anterior segment optical coherence tomography. We discuss the role of various corneal imaging modalities in diagnosis and management of PCN besides highlighting importance of comprehensive slit-lamp examination in patients planned for cataract surgery.

Alexander Rosner. - The volume of removal of the entire uterus with the help of a thermocauter to eliminate vaccine relapses. (Über die sog. Thermocauterectomia uteri totalis zur Verhütung von Imfrecidiven)

The author fully shares Winter's opinion about the infectiousness of cancer. He cites one convincing case in this relationship from his own practice, namely, in a patient who underwent a bilateral episiotomy with the removal of the entire uterus, after some time after the operation, relapses were noted, with which there was a cancerous lesion in the place of the former episiotomy.