scholarly journals Energy Efficiency of mmWave Massive MIMO Precoding With Low-Resolution DACs

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas N. Ribeiro ◽  
Stefan Schwarz ◽  
Markus Rupp ◽  
Andre L. F. de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Mimo Precoding

scholarly journals Spectral and Energy Efficiency of Distributed Massive MIMO with Low-Resolution ADC

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamin Li ◽  
Qian Lv ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Pengcheng Zhu ◽  
Xiaohu You
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Quantization Noise ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Zero Forcing ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Linear Receivers

In this paper, considering a more realistic case where the low-resolution analog-to-digital convertors (ADCs) are employed at receiver antennas, we investigate the spectral and energy efficiency in multi-cell multi-user distributed massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems with two linear receivers. An additive quantization noise model is provided first to study the effects of quantization noise. Using the model provided, the closed-form expressions for the uplink achievable rates with a zero-forcing (ZF) receiver and a maximum ratio combination (MRC) receiver under quantization noise and pilot contamination are derived. Furthermore, the asymptotic achievable rates are also given when the number of quantization bits, the per user transmit power, and the number of antennas per remote antenna unit (RAU) go to infinity, respectively. Numerical results prove that the theoretical analysis is accurate and show that quantization noise degrades the performance in spectral efficiency, but the growth in the number of antennas can compensate for the degradation. Furthermore, low-resolution ADCs with 3 or 4 bits outperform perfect ADCs in energy efficiency. Numerical results imply that it is preferable to use low-resolution ADCs in distributed massive MIMO systems.

scholarly journals On the Energy Efficiency of Massive MIMO Systems With Low-Resolution ADCs and Lattice Reduction Aided Detectors

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhitao Xiao ◽  
Jincan Zhao ◽  
Tianle Liu ◽  
Lei Geng ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Lattice Reduction ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Processing Efficiency

As an effective technology for boosting the performance of wireless communications, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems based on symmetric antenna arrays have been extensively studied. Using low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at the receiver can greatly reduce hardware costs and circuit complexity to further improve the energy efficiency (EE) of the system. There are significant research on the design of MIMO detectors but there is limited study on their performance in terms of EE. This paper studies the effect of signal detection on the EE in practical systems, and proposes to apply several signal detectors based on lattice reduction successive interference cancellation (LR-SIC) to massive MIMO systems with low-precision ADCs. We report results on their achievable EE in fading environments with typical modeling of the path loss and detailed analysis of the power consumption of the transceiver circuits. It is shown that the EE-optimal solution depends highly on the application scenarios, e.g., the number of antennas employed, the cell size, and the signal processing efficiency. Consequently, the signal detector must be properly selected according to the application scenario to maximize the system EE. In addition, medium-resolution ADCs should be selected to balance their own power consumption and the associated nonlinear distortion to maximize the EE of system.

scholarly journals Low-Resolution ADCs for Two-Hop Massive MIMO Relay System under Rician Channels

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Shujuan Yu ◽  
Xinyi Liu ◽  
Jian Cao ◽  
Yun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Relay System ◽  
Mimo Relay ◽  
Sum Rate ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The One

This paper works on building an effective massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) relay system by increasing the achievable sum rate and energy efficiency. First, we design a two-hop massive MIMO relay system instead of a one-hop system to shorten the distance and create a Line-of-Sight (LOS) path between relays. Second, we apply Rician channels between relays in this system. Third, we apply low-resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) at both relays to quantize signals, and apply Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) to the processed signal at relay R1 and relay R2 correspondingly. Fourth, we use higher-order statistics to derive the closed-form expression of the achievable sum rate. Fifth, we derive the power scaling law and achieve the asymptotic expressions under different power scales. Last, we validate the correctness of theoretical analysis with numerical simulation results and show the superiority of the two-hop relay system over the one-hop relay system. From both closed-form expressions and simulation results, we discover that the two-hop system has a higher achievable sum rate than the one-hop system. Besides, the energy efficiency in the two-hop system is higher than the one-hop system. Moreover, in the two-hop system, when quantization bits q=4, the achievable sum rate converges. Therefore, deploying low-resolution ADCs can improve the energy efficiency and achieve a fairly considerable achievable sum rate.

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