Efficiency Optimization Strategy of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicles Based on Energy Balance

This paper presents an efficiency optimization controller for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) of an electric vehicle. A new loss model is obtained based on the permanent magnet synchronous motor’s energy balance equation utilizing the theory of the port-controlled Hamiltonian system. Since the energy balance equation is just the power loss of the PMSM, which provides great convenience for us to use the energy method for efficiency optimization. Then, a new loss minimization algorithm (LMA) is designed based on the new loss model by adjusting the ratio of the excitation current in the d–q axis. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is achieved by the principle of the energy shape method of the Hamiltonian system. Simulations are finally presented to verify effectiveness. The main results of these simulations indicate that the dynamic performance of the drive is maintained and the efficiency increase is up to about 7% compared with the id=0 control algorithm, and about 4.5% compared with the conventional LMA at a steady operation of a PMSM.

Photonic crystal emitter design and associated efficiency optimization of radioisotope thermophotovoltaic generators

The radioisotope batteries have drawn extensive attention due to the high energy density. Nowadays, the radioisotope thermophotovoltaic systems are one of the most promising radioisotope batteries. In this work, the crystal emitter design and the associated performance of the radioisotope thermophotovoltaic generators are investigated. First, the design of photonic crystal emitter together with the adoptions of both the multi-layer insulation and supporting materials are discussed. In order to optimize the system efficiency, the effects of the area of emitters are mainly investigated. We have analyzed the efficiency of system using GaSb cells and Si cells, respectively. With Si cells, the system efficiency can computationally reach about [Formula: see text] with an output power of 7 W. When GaSb cells are employed, the system performance is estimated to an efficiency of [Formula: see text] with 61.6 W output.

Intelligent Contracts in Engineering Enterprise Supply Management

Intellectual contracts based on blockchain technology improve the efficiency of supply management of an automobile enterprise by optimizing the transactional costs of supply logistics. The present research featured KAMAZ PTC. The goal was to develop an interaction mechanism for all participants of an intellectual contract in supply activities. The article includes a review of Russian and foreign publications about intellectual contracts in various business spheres, supply management efficiency, optimization of transactional costs, and blockchain technology. The study made it possible to build an interaction mechanism of the parties involved in a blockchain intellectual contract. It also revealed a pattern of changes introduced to the intellectual contract at different stages of interaction between the initiator and suppliers. The authors also highlighted the difference between smart contract and intellectual contract. An intellectual contract appears as a logical development of a smart contract and allows the sides to change the terms. The party interaction mechanism can improve the supply efficiency as it optimizes the magnitude of transactional costs.

Energy Efficiency Analysis of e-Commerce Customer Management System Based on Mobile Edge Computing

Energy efficiency optimization of mobile edge computing e-commerce clients and reasonable management of server computing resources are worth further study. The participant of the algorithm game model proposed in this paper is mobile e-commerce customer management. The decision space is a two-dimensional space composed of unloading decision and power control, and the benefit function is the energy efficiency function and delay function. The existence and uniqueness of the multidimensional game model are proved theoretically. The simulation results show that the proposed multidimensional game based energy efficiency optimization algorithm of mobile edge computing can reduce the energy consumption and delay of mobile terminals and improve the energy efficiency of unloading calculation under the same task compared with the game scheme without considering power consumption control when the number of e-commerce customer management is larger. This paper deduces the optimal load migration decision of mobile e-commerce customer management and the optimal pricing strategy of mobile edge cloud service providers and proves that the optimal decision and optimal pricing constitute the Starkberg equilibrium. The semidistributed and decentralized task transfer decision-making mechanisms are designed, respectively, and the management decision-making behaviors of mobile e-commerce customers in the mobile edge cloud energy trading market are studied by numerical analysis, as well as the time efficiency of the two mechanisms.

Path Tracking of an Underwater Snake Robot and Locomotion Efficiency Optimization Based on Improved Pigeon-Inspired Algorithm

This paper considers the tracking control of curved paths for an underwater snake robot, and investigates the methods used to improve energy efficiency. Combined with the path-planning method based on PCSI (parametric cubic-spline interpolation), an improved LOS (light of sight) method is proposed to design the controller and guide the robot to move along the desired path. The evaluation of the energy efficiency of robot locomotion is discussed. In particular, a pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm improved by quantum rules (QPIO) is proposed for dynamically selecting the gait parameters that maximize energy efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed controller enables the robot to accurately follow the curved path and that the QPIO algorithm is effective in improving robot energy efficiency.