scholarly journals Low-Resolution ADCs for Two-Hop Massive MIMO Relay System under Rician Channels

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Shujuan Yu ◽  
Xinyi Liu ◽  
Jian Cao ◽  
Yun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Relay System ◽  
Mimo Relay ◽  
Sum Rate ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The One

This paper works on building an effective massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) relay system by increasing the achievable sum rate and energy efficiency. First, we design a two-hop massive MIMO relay system instead of a one-hop system to shorten the distance and create a Line-of-Sight (LOS) path between relays. Second, we apply Rician channels between relays in this system. Third, we apply low-resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) at both relays to quantize signals, and apply Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) to the processed signal at relay R1 and relay R2 correspondingly. Fourth, we use higher-order statistics to derive the closed-form expression of the achievable sum rate. Fifth, we derive the power scaling law and achieve the asymptotic expressions under different power scales. Last, we validate the correctness of theoretical analysis with numerical simulation results and show the superiority of the two-hop relay system over the one-hop relay system. From both closed-form expressions and simulation results, we discover that the two-hop system has a higher achievable sum rate than the one-hop system. Besides, the energy efficiency in the two-hop system is higher than the one-hop system. Moreover, in the two-hop system, when quantization bits q=4, the achievable sum rate converges. Therefore, deploying low-resolution ADCs can improve the energy efficiency and achieve a fairly considerable achievable sum rate.

scholarly journals Low-Resolution ADCs for Two-Hop Massive MIMO Relay System under Rician Channel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujuan Yu ◽  
Xinyi Liu ◽  
Jian Cao ◽  
Yun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Achievable Rate ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Relay System ◽  
Mimo Relay ◽  
Rayleigh Channels ◽  
Main Work

Abstract Advantages of the system in this PaperThis paper investigates the uplink of a two-hop massive Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) relaying system with low-resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) at both relays. Significantly different from previous work, we design a two-hop MIMO system to shorten the distance between each hop, so that there will be Line-of-Sight (LOS) path between relays. This allows signals to be transmitted under Rician channels instead of Rayleigh channels and thus increases the sum achievable rate. Second, we apply low-resolution ADCs at both relays of the system to reduce the energy burden. The main work of this paperThe main work of this paper is as follows. First, assuming the Channel State Information (CSI) is perfect, we use the higher-order statistics to derive the closed-form expression of the uplink sum achievable rate of the two-hop low-resolution ADCs massive MIMO relay system under one-hop Rayleigh channels and two-hop Rician channels. Next, supposing that the number of antennas tends to infinity, we derive the law of power scaling and further achieve the asymptotic closed-form expressions and the asymptotic values under different power scales. Next, we verify the correctness of theoretical analysis with numerical simulation results, and compare the results under one-hop Rayleigh channels and two-hop Rician channels. Finally, we conclude that transmitting signal under two-hop Rician channels can achieve a lower sum achievable rate compared with transmitting under one-hop Rayleigh channels, which means it's more effective to apply two-hop Rician MIMO system. Besides, we conclude that deploying low-cost and energy-efficient low-resolution ADCs at a large-scale relay system can improve the energy efficiency and achieve a fairly considerable sum achievable rate at the same time.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency of mmWave Massive MIMO Precoding With Low-Resolution DACs

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas N. Ribeiro ◽  
Stefan Schwarz ◽  
Markus Rupp ◽  
Andre L. F. de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Mimo Precoding

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of a Polling-Based Access Control Combining with the Sleeping Schema in V2I VANETs for Smart Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min He ◽  
Zheng Guan ◽  
Liyong Bao ◽  
Zhaoxu Zhou ◽  
Marco Anisetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Ieee 802.11P ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Simulation Results

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), one of the important challenges is the lack of precise mathematical modeling taking into account the passive vacation triggered by the zero-arrival state of nodes. Therefore, a polling-based access control is proposed in this paper using a sleeping schema to meet the challenge of quality of service (QoS) and energy-efficient transport in VANET environments for smart cities. Based on IEEE 802.11p, it was developed in an attempt to improve the energy efficiency of the hybrid coordination function of controlled channel access (HCCA) through a self-managing sleeping mechanism for both the roadside unit (RSU) and on-board units (OBUs) or sensor nodes according to the traffic load in vehicle -to-infrastructure (V2I) scenarios. Additionally, a Markov chain was developed for analyzing the proposed mechanism, and the exact mathematical model is provided with regard to the passive vacation. Then, the performance characteristics—including the mean cyclic period, delay, and queue length—were accurately obtained. In addition, the closed-form expression of the quantitative relationship among sleeping time, performance characteristics, and service parameters was obtained, which can easily evaluate the energy efficiency. It was proven that theoretical calculations were completely consistent with simulation results. The simulation results demonstrate that the suggested method had much lower energy consumption than the standard strategy at the expense of rarely access delay.

scholarly journals Improving Energy Efficiency of Massive MIMO Relay Systems using Power Bisection Allocation for Cell-Edge Users

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Koolivand ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Bahonar ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Fazel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Cell Edge ◽  
Mimo Relay ◽  
Relay Systems

scholarly journals Energy efficiency and sum rate tradeoffs for massive MIMO systems with underlaid device-to-device communications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serveh Shalmashi ◽  
Emil Björnson ◽  
Marios Kountouris ◽  
Ki Won Sung ◽  
Mérouane Debbah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Device To Device ◽  
Sum Rate

scholarly journals Spectral and Energy Efficiency of Distributed Massive MIMO with Low-Resolution ADC

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamin Li ◽  
Qian Lv ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Pengcheng Zhu ◽  
Xiaohu You
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Quantization Noise ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Zero Forcing ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Linear Receivers

In this paper, considering a more realistic case where the low-resolution analog-to-digital convertors (ADCs) are employed at receiver antennas, we investigate the spectral and energy efficiency in multi-cell multi-user distributed massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems with two linear receivers. An additive quantization noise model is provided first to study the effects of quantization noise. Using the model provided, the closed-form expressions for the uplink achievable rates with a zero-forcing (ZF) receiver and a maximum ratio combination (MRC) receiver under quantization noise and pilot contamination are derived. Furthermore, the asymptotic achievable rates are also given when the number of quantization bits, the per user transmit power, and the number of antennas per remote antenna unit (RAU) go to infinity, respectively. Numerical results prove that the theoretical analysis is accurate and show that quantization noise degrades the performance in spectral efficiency, but the growth in the number of antennas can compensate for the degradation. Furthermore, low-resolution ADCs with 3 or 4 bits outperform perfect ADCs in energy efficiency. Numerical results imply that it is preferable to use low-resolution ADCs in distributed massive MIMO systems.

Energy Efficiency Optimization for Beamspace Massive MIMO Systems with Low-Resolution ADCs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualian Sheng ◽  
Xihan Chen ◽  
Kaiming Shen ◽  
Xiongfei Zhai ◽  
An Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Efficiency Optimization
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