Comprehensive Overview and Comparison of ANSI vs. IEC Short Circuit Calculations: Using IEC Short Circuit Results in IEEE 1584 ARC Flash Calculations: Copyright Material IEEE, Paper No. PCIC-2018-23

Author(s):  
Afshin Majd ◽  
Robert Luo ◽  
Marvin Antony Devadass ◽  
Jim Phillips
Author(s):  
Kinh D. Pham ◽  
Robert Jones

Arc flash hazards can result from accidents or equipment deterioration such as dropping tools, accidental contact with electrical equipment, build up of conductive dust, corrosion, condensation, over-voltage stress, or insulation failure. An arc is produced when electric current passes through ionized air after an initial flash over or short circuit, resulting in a flash that could produce significant heat, with temperature in excess of 35,000°F. The extremely high temperature of an electric arc can cause major burns within ten feet and fatal burns within five feet of an arc flash. Recently enacted guidelines and regulations by OSHA and NFPA 70E regarding arc flash hazards have compelled many rail transit agencies to require that an arc flash hazard analysis be performed. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the potential risk of arc faults at every switchgear and electrical panel board to which a worker may be exposed. To comply with OSHA and NFPA, appropriate work practices and personal protective equipment (PPE) must be utilized to reduce the risks associated with arc flashes. Several methods for calculating the arc-flash hazard have been developed. This paper will examine and discuss the following three methods: a) the Ralph H. Lee’s theoretical model, b) the NFPA 70E equations and tables, and c) the IEEE Std 1584 methods. None of the above methods addresses arcing faults in DC switchgear. To date, there is no written standard for DC arc flash hazard analysis. DC arcing faults and calculation methods are discussed. Sample arc flash hazard analysis from a recent rail transit project is included.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Juliansyah Kennedy Sugiharto ◽  
Syamsir Abduh

<p><em>Protection system is a safety system on electrical equipment in case of interference. One of the electrical hazards is the arc flash. According to IEEE 1584-2002 arc flash is a blast of heat, hot gas, and liquid metal caused by short circuit interference on the equipment. There are 3 cases of arc flash that occurred in PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, West Java. Th</em><em>e aim of this </em><em>research is to find out the amount of arc flash energy in accordance with IEEE 1584-2002 standard, to know </em><em>how much </em><em>the energy, and also</em><em> to</em><em> classify Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) category for the workers according to NFPA 70E-2009 standard. This study was applied to the 5th mill finishing area at PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, West Java. The results showed on the area of the Finish Mill 5 the value of the energy incident is 16.92 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> on BUS MD-1, 1.39 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> on BUS RM-1, 1.35 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> on BUS FN-2, 2.17 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> on BUS TR-71, 1.41 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> on BUS TR-72, and 1.34 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> on  BUS TR-73.</em><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Sistem proteksi merupakan suatu sistem pengaman pada peralatan listrik jika terjadi gangguan. Salah satu bahaya listrik  adalah  arc flash. Menurut IEEE 1584-2002 arc flash merupakan ledakan panas, gas panas, dan logam cair yang diakibatkan oleh gangguan hubung singkat (short circuit) pada peralatan. Terdapat 3 kasus arc flash  yang terjadi di PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar energi arc flash yang sesuai dengan standar IEEE 1584-2002, untuk mengetahui besar energi serta mengklasifikasi kategori Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) bagi pekerja sesuai dengan standar NFPA 70E-2009. Studi ini diterapkan  pada area Finish Mill 5 pada PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada area Finish Mill 5 nilai insiden energinya yaitu  16,92 kal/cm<sup>2</sup> pada BUS MD-1, 1,39 kal/cm<sup>2</sup> pada BUS RM-1, 1,35 kal/cm<sup>2</sup> pada BUS FN-2, 2,17 kal/</em><em>cm<sup>2</sup></em><em> pada BUS TR-71, 1,41 kal/cm<sup>2</sup> pada BUS TR-72, dan 1,34 kal/cm<sup>2</sup> pada BUS TR-73.</em></p>


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