Comprehensive Overview and Comparison of ANSI vs. IEC Short Circuit Calculations: Using IEC Short Circuit Results in IEEE 1584 ARC Flash Calculations: Copyright Material IEEE, Paper No. PCIC-2018-23

Arc flash hazards can result from accidents or equipment deterioration such as dropping tools, accidental contact with electrical equipment, build up of conductive dust, corrosion, condensation, over-voltage stress, or insulation failure. An arc is produced when electric current passes through ionized air after an initial flash over or short circuit, resulting in a flash that could produce significant heat, with temperature in excess of 35,000°F. The extremely high temperature of an electric arc can cause major burns within ten feet and fatal burns within five feet of an arc flash. Recently enacted guidelines and regulations by OSHA and NFPA 70E regarding arc flash hazards have compelled many rail transit agencies to require that an arc flash hazard analysis be performed. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the potential risk of arc faults at every switchgear and electrical panel board to which a worker may be exposed. To comply with OSHA and NFPA, appropriate work practices and personal protective equipment (PPE) must be utilized to reduce the risks associated with arc flashes. Several methods for calculating the arc-flash hazard have been developed. This paper will examine and discuss the following three methods: a) the Ralph H. Lee’s theoretical model, b) the NFPA 70E equations and tables, and c) the IEEE Std 1584 methods. None of the above methods addresses arcing faults in DC switchgear. To date, there is no written standard for DC arc flash hazard analysis. DC arcing faults and calculation methods are discussed. Sample arc flash hazard analysis from a recent rail transit project is included.

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Accounting for Decaying Short-Circuit Currents in Arc Flash Calculations

Arc Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation ◽

10.1002/9781118402498.ch6 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 176-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Short Circuit ◽

Arc Flash ◽

Short Circuit Currents

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Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations in LV and MV DC Systems—Part I: Short-Circuit Calculations

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications ◽

10.1109/tia.2013.2288416 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 1687-1697 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. C. Das

Keyword(s):

Short Circuit ◽

Arc Flash

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Electrical Safety, Arc Flash Hazards, and "The Standards" A Comprehensive Overview

Record of Conference Papers Industry Applications Society 52nd Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference ◽

10.1109/pcicon.2005.1524572 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S.J. Swencki ◽

J.E. Smith ◽

D.D. Roybal ◽

D.B. Burns ◽

G.E. Wetzel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Safety ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Arc Flash

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Arc-Flash PPE – A Simplified Constant Energy Line Table Method: Copyright Material IEEE Paper No. ESW2021-26

2021 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) ◽

10.1109/esw45993.2021.9461573 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Remi Halle ◽

Kirk Gray ◽

Daniel Roberts ◽

Marcelo Valdes

Keyword(s):

Constant Energy ◽

Table Method ◽

Energy Line ◽

Arc Flash ◽

Copyright Material

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ANALISIS ARC FLASH 6,3 KV PT HOLCIM INDONESIA TBK. BOGOR, JAWA BARAT

JETri Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro ◽

10.25105/jetri.v16i1.2939 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Juliansyah Kennedy Sugiharto ◽

Syamsir Abduh

Keyword(s):

Liquid Metal ◽

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Electrical Equipment ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

West Java ◽

Hot Gas ◽

Energy Incident ◽

Arc Flash ◽

Finish Mill

Protection system is a safety system on electrical equipment in case of interference. One of the electrical hazards is the arc flash. According to IEEE 1584-2002 arc flash is a blast of heat, hot gas, and liquid metal caused by short circuit interference on the equipment. There are 3 cases of arc flash that occurred in PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, West Java. The aim of this research is to find out the amount of arc flash energy in accordance with IEEE 1584-2002 standard, to know how much the energy, and also to classify Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) category for the workers according to NFPA 70E-2009 standard. This study was applied to the 5th mill finishing area at PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, West Java. The results showed on the area of the Finish Mill 5 the value of the energy incident is 16.92 cal/cm2 on BUS MD-1, 1.39 cal/cm2 on BUS RM-1, 1.35 cal/cm2 on BUS FN-2, 2.17 cal/cm2 on BUS TR-71, 1.41 cal/cm2 on BUS TR-72, and 1.34 cal/cm2 on BUS TR-73. Sistem proteksi merupakan suatu sistem pengaman pada peralatan listrik jika terjadi gangguan. Salah satu bahaya listrik adalah arc flash. Menurut IEEE 1584-2002 arc flash merupakan ledakan panas, gas panas, dan logam cair yang diakibatkan oleh gangguan hubung singkat (short circuit) pada peralatan. Terdapat 3 kasus arc flash yang terjadi di PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar energi arc flash yang sesuai dengan standar IEEE 1584-2002, untuk mengetahui besar energi serta mengklasifikasi kategori Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) bagi pekerja sesuai dengan standar NFPA 70E-2009. Studi ini diterapkan pada area Finish Mill 5 pada PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada area Finish Mill 5 nilai insiden energinya yaitu 16,92 kal/cm2 pada BUS MD-1, 1,39 kal/cm2 pada BUS RM-1, 1,35 kal/cm2 pada BUS FN-2, 2,17 kal/cm2 pada BUS TR-71, 1,41 kal/cm2 pada BUS TR-72, dan 1,34 kal/cm2 pada BUS TR-73.

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