Bricks as arguments

This study applies Leo Groarke’s (2019) ART approach and KC (Key Component) table method to social housing buildings designed by a significant Dutch architectural movement during the early twentieth century – the so-called Amsterdam School. Unlike members of other contemporary architectural movements, architects of the Amsterdam School seldom wrote about their theories or beliefs, leaving very little evidence about their feelings and attitudes apart from the architectural forms they constructed. The expressive designs of Amsterdam School social housing buildings Het Schip and De Dageraad present promising opportunities for theoretical reflection on architecture as a form of embodied visual and multimodal argumentation (‘bricks as arguments’), however, other theoretical tools may be necessary to supplement the ART approach in order to fashion a critical method capable of apprehending the full scope of argumentation in the complex and rich Dutch polylogue.

Using the Membership Table Method (MTM) to Determine the Validity of Categorical Syllogisms

A presentation is provided of a method — the Membership Table Method (MTM) — to determine the validity of categorical syllogisms. This method makes it possible for each syllogism to be assigned a specific set. If this set is equal to the universal set U, then the categorical syllogism considered is valid, and if that set is not equal to U, then that categorical syllogism is not valid. In other words, any categorical syllogism is valid if and only if its respective set, according to the MTM, is equal to the universal set U. The conclusion of a valid categorical syllogism whose premises are true is true.

Using the Membership Table Method (MTM) to Determine the Validity of Categorical Syllogisms

Apresentation is provided of a method – the Membership Table Method (MTM) – to determine the validity of categorical syllogisms. This method makes it possible for each syllogism to be assigned a specific set. If this set is equal to the universal set U, then the categorical syllogism considered is valid, and if that set is not equal to U, then that categorical syllogism is not valid. In other words, any categorical syllogism is valid if and only if its respective set, according to the MTM, is equal to the universal set U. The conclusion of a valid categorical syllogism whose premises are true is true.

Algorithmic Methods of Hidden Communication Through Buy Orders and Sales on International Stock Exchanges

This paper presents the results of the author’s research on the design of hidden communication algorithms employed in the context of global exchange services. The solutions proposed enable communication between trading participants without use of such traditional communication routes as email, telephone, instant messaging, discussion forums, etc. The solutions described are based on modification of entries in the exchange tables of orders and transactions. Through modification of the entries associated with share buy and sell orders, a secret channel can be constructed through which hidden messages can be sent. Such messages could, for example, be used to manipulate stock prices by an organized group of people. The proposed solutions can classified as steganographic methods where the message carrier is a stock transaction or stock order table, in which a message is embedded by means of algorithmic modification of buy and sell records. Also presented are specific proposals for static, dynamic, and mixed static-dynamic solutions based on the results of the author’s research. In the static methods group, an imperceptible communication channel is formed through a series of asynchronous modifications that create a complete, readable message that is present for a relatively long time. In dynamic methods, the embedded message is synchronized in time and creates a sequence of events that create statements. The third group of methods presented, mixed methods, use static and dynamic techniques to construct hidden messages. In particular, the method of extreme orders (MEO), mono-table method (MTM), multi-table method (MUTM), method of price-indexed vectors (MPIV), method of quantity-indexed vectors (MQIV), clustered order method (COM), distributed order method (DOM), position-encoded method (PEM), method with quantity coding (MQC), method with error correction (MEC), method limited to buy orders (MLBO), method limited to sell orders (MLSO), and self-synchronizing method (SSM) are presented. The solutions presented in this work can be applied practically in any publicly available stock trading system in which order tables are available. The algorithms presented in the paper were implemented and verified on a real trading service, and the research software used was implemented based on the API provided by the brokerage office.

Development of Multilayer-Based Map Matching to Enhance Performance in Large Truck Fleet Dispatching

Spatial information technology has been widely used for vehicles in general and for fleet management. Many studies have focused on improving vehicle positioning accuracy, although few studies have focused on efficiency improvements for managing large truck fleets in the context of the current complex network of roads. Therefore, this paper proposes a multilayer-based map matching algorithm with different spatial data structures to deal rapidly with large amounts of coordinate data. Using the dimension reduction technique, the geodesic coordinates can be transformed into plane coordinates. This study provides multiple layer grouping combinations to deal with complex road networks. We integrated these techniques and employed a puncture method to process the geometric computation with spatial data-mining approaches. We constructed a spatial division index and combined this with the puncture method, which improves the efficiency of the system and can enhance data retrieval efficiency for large truck fleet dispatching. This paper also used a multilayer-based map matching algorithm with raster data structures. Comparing the results revealed that the look-up table method offers the best outcome. The proposed multilayer-based map matching algorithm using the look-up table method is suited to obtaining competitive performance in identifying efficiency improvements for large truck fleet dispatching.

PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT BY EXAMPLE OF “NORTHERN FARM-STEAD – NEW-LANDS COMMUNITY” OF TSELINSKY AREA, ROSTOV REGION

The work purpose consists in the analysis of the situation in passenger transportation of countryside and bus distribution on routes. The route investigation was carried out at different daytime by means of passenger number calculation and data recordings in the prepared tables during a day, a week, a month and also during the year, that is, using a calculating-table method. The analysis of bus operation on a route allowed drawing conclusions that this route may be favorable for investors and economically profitable. Besides, it is socially necessary for low-income population groups having no their transport vehicles. The investigation novelty consists in the adaptation of a calculating-table method to rural routes. Conclusions: modern automobile passenger transportation company is impossible without efficient passenger transportation management; one of the main components in passenger transportation management is passenger service improvement, which can be achieved only by empiric investigations of passenger flows on the routes; at the proper selection of vehicles the analyzed car route can be commercially profitable and long-term that is ensured by a quantitative analysis of vehicles and specification of bus schedule taking into account the need of population in travels.