scholarly journals Repurposing Visual Input Modalities for Blind Users: A Case Study of Word Processors

Author(s):  
Hae-Na Lee ◽  
Vikas Ashok ◽  
I. V. Ramakrishnan
Author(s):  
Marco de Sá ◽  
Carlos Duarte ◽  
Luís Carriço ◽  
Tiago Reis

In this chapter we describe a set of techniques and tools that aim at supporting designers while creating mobile multimodal applications. We explain how the additional difficulties that designers face during this process, especially those related to multimodalities, can be tackled. In particular, we present a scenario generation and context definition framework that can be used to drive design and support evaluation within realistic settings, promoting in-situ design and richer results. In conjunction with the scenario framework, we detail a prototyping tool that was developed to support the early stage prototyping and evaluation process of mobile multimodal applications, from the first sketch-based prototypes up to the final quantitative analysis of usage results. As a case study, we describe a mobile application for accessing and reading rich digital books. The application aims at offering users, in particular blind users, means to read and annotate digital books and it was designed to be used on Pocket PCs and Smartphones, including a set of features that enhance both content and usability of traditional books.


Author(s):  
Eduardo Emmanuel Rodríguez López ◽  
Jean Sandro Chery ◽  
Teresita de Jesús Álvarez Robles ◽  
Francisco Javier Álvarez Rodríguez

Hedonic utility scale is a user experience (UX) evaluation method that, through a questionnaire, collects the hedonic and utilitarian dimensions of a product by rating items belonging to each dimension. In this chapter, it is proposed to adapt this method for its application with blind users using the Google TalkBack tutorial as a case study. Based on Nielsen's heuristics, five blind users rated the tutorial after completing each of its five tasks. To ensure inclusiveness in the adaptation of the method, this could be answered verbally and with the use of cards written in Braille, while, for questions of practicality in the evaluation, the number of items was reduced as well as changed the way of scoring (scale and equations) with respect to the original HED/UT. The scale of grades was ranked from 1 (very little) to 5 (quite), getting TalkBack scores between 4 and 5. The results show that the TalkBack tutorial is generally well accepted and well rated by users in both dimensions (hedonic and utility).


2018 ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Catalina Millan

The increasingly common use of English nursery rhymes intertextually has impacted upon their transfer into target cultures: entire nursery rhymes, fragments and characters are now found in translational situations. Most of these situations are adaptations of nursery rhymes into other media; and one of the most evident is the use of nursery rhyme characters found in a different context, frequently portrayed visually. Through a reception case study with Spanish students, this report intends to address issues about the relevance of intertextuality in translation, as well as the child’s assumptions in relation to discourse and visual input. Through a qualitative mixed-method study, children worked with nursery rhymes without visual prompts as well as intertextually presented nursery rhyme characters, and offered insight into acquired expectations and anticipations. Through the revision of the results, visual adaptation proves to contribute to children’s acculturation and assumptions, reducing the openness to foreignization. Key words: adaptation, intertextuality, nursery rhymes, translation, acculturation ResumenEl uso cada vez más común de las nursery rhymes inglesas de forma intertextual tiene un impacto sobre su transferencia a la cultura meta: rimas enteras, fragmentos o personajes se encuentran ahora en situaciones de traducción. Muchas de estas situaciones son adaptaciones de nursery rhymes a otros medios; y una de las más evidentes es el uso de personajes de nursery rhymes en un contexto diferente, normalmente con un apoyo visual. A través de un estudio de recepción con estudiantes españoles de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 14 años, este artículo pretende ofrecer respuestas sobre la relevancia de la intertextualidad en la traducción, además de las presuposiciones en relación al discurso y a los mensajes visuales. A través de un estudio de métodos mixtos, un grupo de participantes trabajó con nursery rhymes sin apoyo visual y con personajes de nursery rhymes presentados de forma intertextual y con apoyo visual. El estudio ofrece información sobre las expectativas adquiridas y los patrones discursivos de los niños y adolescentes. En la revisión de los resultados, se demuestra que la adaptación visual influye en la aculturación y las presuposiciones de los niños partiendo de un modelo hegemónico, y reduce su capacidad de extranjerización en transferencias culturales. Palabras clave: adaptación, intertextualidad, nursery rhymes, traducción, aculturación. ResumL’ús cada vegada més comú de les nursery rhymes ingleses de forma intertextual té un impacte sobre la seua transferència a la cultura meta: rimes senceres, fragments o personatges es troben ara en situacions de traducció. Moltes d’aquestes situacions són adaptacions de nursery rhymes a d’altre mitjans i una de les més evidents és l’ús de personatges de de nursery rhymes en un context diferent, normalment amb un suport visual. A través d’un estudi de recepció amb estudiants espanyols d’edats compreses entre 12 i 14 anys, aquest article pretén oferir respostes sobre la rellevància de la intertextualitat en la traducció, a més de les pressuposicions en relació al discurs i als missatges visuals. A través d’un estudi de mètodes mixts, un grup de participants va treballar amb nursery rhymes presentats ací de forma intertextual i amb suport visual. L’estudi ofereix informació sobre les expectatives adquirides i els patrons discursius dels infants i adolescents. En la revisió dels resultats, es demostra que l’adaptació visual influeix en la aculturació i les pressuposicions dels infants tot partint d’un model hegemònic i redueix la seua capacitat d’estrangerització en transferències culturals. Paraules clau: adaptació, intertextualitat, nursery rhymes, traducció, aculturació


2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (16) ◽  
pp. 7210-7222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Rodriguez-Sanchez ◽  
M.A. Moreno-Alvarez ◽  
E. Martin ◽  
S. Borromeo ◽  
J.A. Hernandez-Tamames
Keyword(s):  

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 552-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Beevers ◽  
P. Hallinan

An Amiga 500 microcomputer with a talking word processor was installed in a special education unit at an elementary school for use by a visually impaired pupil during two school terms. This article reviews the background literature and explores the challenges and limitations posed by the introduction of new technology.


2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Andronico ◽  
Marina Buzzi ◽  
Carlos Castillo ◽  
Barbara Leporini
Keyword(s):  

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.


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