Modern problems of regionalization of territories and human adaptation in regions with extreme natural and climatic conditions

The paper considers modern approaches to the zoning of territories and the selection of people for life in extreme environmental conditions, taking into account modern geopolitical challenges. It is shown that it is possible, based on the allostasis concept, to conduct not only the selection of persons with a high level of nonspecific resistance, but also to quantify the degree of extremity of environmental factors using the standard represpiration test. Key words: adaptation, extreme conditions, selection, hypoxia, cold, rerespiration, allostatic load.

Peculiarities of immunophysiological shifts in adaptation to climatic and geographical conditions of mountains

The functioning of the immune system of people exposed to prolonged exposure to natural factors has been monitored and the main immunity indicators have been studied in practically healthy population of different mountain heights in Chui and Naryn regions. Indicators of specific immunity in the residents of the zone of compensated discomfort is reduced compared with the standards of the zone of relative comfort and refers to the mixed type with suppression of cellular and humoral immunity, apparently, this is associated with the climatic and geographical and environmental characteristics of the region. Key words: adaptation, immune system, T- lymphocytes, B- lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes, mountainous conditions.

PENGADAPTASIAN NOVEL MENJADI SKENARIO FILM “CRITICAL ELEVEN”

ABSTRAKProses mengadaptasi novel menjadi skenario tidaklah mudah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji lebih dalam karakterisasi, struktur, isu sosial, dan dialog. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis isi (content analysis) model Philipp Mayring dengan strategi membandingkan isi novel dan skenario film. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Penelitian ini mengungkap adanya pengubahan karakterisasi asli Anya dengan membuatnya menjadi wanita yang lebih tegar dan tahu tujuan hidupnya. Sementara, Ale yang digambarkan lebih cool pada novel, digambarkan sebagai suami yang penuh rasa khawatir dan mudah emosi. Penulis skenario harus memangkas bagian deskriptif panjang dari novel ini menggunakan aksi, dialog, dan karakter lain untuk mengungkapkan karakternya. Novel yang memilki banyak penggambaran isu sosial mengharuskan penulis skenario menyederhanakannya menjadi satu permasalahan saja. Film hasil adaptasi memuat dialog yang baik dan terdengar nyata, singkat dan membuat cerita tetap bergerak serta terhubung banyak tercipta pada skenario.Kata kunci: adaptasi, novel, skenario film ABSTRACT The process of adapting a novel into a situation is easy. The purpose of this research is to examine more deeply the characterization, structure, social issues, and dialogue. This study uses a qualitative approach with the content analysis method of Philipp Mayring's model with a strategy of comparing the contents of novels and film scenarios. The method used is a qualitative method. This research resulted in changing Anya's original characterization by producing a woman who is stronger and knows her purpose in life. Meanwhile, Ale is described as cooler in the novel, portrayed as a husband full of worries and easily emotional. The screenwriter should trim down the long descriptive part of the novel using action, dialogue, and other characters to reveal the characters. In a novel that has many social problems that occur, it requires the screenwriter to be one problem only. Good dialogue that sounds real, is short and keeps the story moving and connected a lot is created in the scenario. Key words: adaptation, novel, film scenario

Public Perceptions Associated with Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation in Kurdistan Region (KRG): Sulaymaniyah as a Case Study

The aim of this study was to highlight the challenges facing climate change adaptation from the householders’ perceptions in the Sulaymaniyah city. For this purpose, a descriptive analysis method was used with quantitative and qualitative data. Using the SPSS program, several statistical tests were used such as Percentage, the Person-Correlation Coefficient-Partial and Bivariate, T-test Two Sample Equal Variance. The sample of the study consisted of (675) citizens of all components (age, gender, level of education, occupation) who were randomly selected, of which (10) were interviewed. As a result, the study found that participants have faced some barriers such as lack of knowledge about adaptation measures, lack of responsibility for the implementation of the adaptation strategies, and lack of behavioral adaption. In addition, the study identified the most important barriers that limit the willingness of citizens to participate in adaption strategies such as costs, lack of guidance and policies by the local and central government, unbelievable in climate change. Finally, the researcher proposes to conduct more scientific research on climate change adaptation and its barriers in order to prevent the Kurdistan region and its population from the adverse impacts of climate change. Key Words: Adaptation, Climate Change, Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation, Public Perceptions

Psychotherapy and psychocorrection of adaptation disorders at participants of martial actions at the health-resort stage

The article deals with the defi nition, etiology and pathogenesis, the primary diagnosis of adaptation disturbances (AD) in demobilized combatants who are undergoing rehabilitation in sanatoriumresort conditions. Attention is paid to the effectiveness of medico-psychological rehabilitation of combatants with psychological adjustment disorders in sanatorium-resort conditions, using individual (cognitive-behavioral), group psychotherapy, as well as autogenic-training method. The degree of development of mental disorders in soldiers in a combat situation is shown. The main psychopathological manifestations in patients with AD are highlighted. The results of the study of pathogenic situational factors and premorbid personality traits contributing to impaired adaptation are presented. Key words: adaptation disturbances, demobilized members of the antiterrorist operation, the program of medicopsychological rehabilitation, sanatorium resort conditions

Functional tests as a component of differentiated individualized support during pregnancy (Сlinical lecture)

The possibilities of functional stress tests are highlighted from the point of view of determining the adaptation resources of the fetus, the uteroplacental complex, functional impairments and the prediction of the effectiveness of births with a favorable perinatal outcome. The expediency and benefits are justified by the need to optimize the choice of an adequate model of delivery, as well as the timely organization of preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitation measures. Key words: adaptation resource, fetus, oxytocin test, sound effect.

Adapting Intertextuality: The case of nursery rhyme characters in creating new canons in children’s culture

The increasingly common use of English nursery rhymes intertextually has impacted upon their transfer into target cultures: entire nursery rhymes, fragments and characters are now found in translational situations. Most of these situations are adaptations of nursery rhymes into other media; and one of the most evident is the use of nursery rhyme characters found in a different context, frequently portrayed visually. Through a reception case study with Spanish students, this report intends to address issues about the relevance of intertextuality in translation, as well as the child’s assumptions in relation to discourse and visual input. Through a qualitative mixed-method study, children worked with nursery rhymes without visual prompts as well as intertextually presented nursery rhyme characters, and offered insight into acquired expectations and anticipations. Through the revision of the results, visual adaptation proves to contribute to children’s acculturation and assumptions, reducing the openness to foreignization. Key words: adaptation, intertextuality, nursery rhymes, translation, acculturation ResumenEl uso cada vez más común de las nursery rhymes inglesas de forma intertextual tiene un impacto sobre su transferencia a la cultura meta: rimas enteras, fragmentos o personajes se encuentran ahora en situaciones de traducción. Muchas de estas situaciones son adaptaciones de nursery rhymes a otros medios; y una de las más evidentes es el uso de personajes de nursery rhymes en un contexto diferente, normalmente con un apoyo visual. A través de un estudio de recepción con estudiantes españoles de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 14 años, este artículo pretende ofrecer respuestas sobre la relevancia de la intertextualidad en la traducción, además de las presuposiciones en relación al discurso y a los mensajes visuales. A través de un estudio de métodos mixtos, un grupo de participantes trabajó con nursery rhymes sin apoyo visual y con personajes de nursery rhymes presentados de forma intertextual y con apoyo visual. El estudio ofrece información sobre las expectativas adquiridas y los patrones discursivos de los niños y adolescentes. En la revisión de los resultados, se demuestra que la adaptación visual influye en la aculturación y las presuposiciones de los niños partiendo de un modelo hegemónico, y reduce su capacidad de extranjerización en transferencias culturales. Palabras clave: adaptación, intertextualidad, nursery rhymes, traducción, aculturación. ResumL’ús cada vegada més comú de les nursery rhymes ingleses de forma intertextual té un impacte sobre la seua transferència a la cultura meta: rimes senceres, fragments o personatges es troben ara en situacions de traducció. Moltes d’aquestes situacions són adaptacions de nursery rhymes a d’altre mitjans i una de les més evidents és l’ús de personatges de de nursery rhymes en un context diferent, normalment amb un suport visual. A través d’un estudi de recepció amb estudiants espanyols d’edats compreses entre 12 i 14 anys, aquest article pretén oferir respostes sobre la rellevància de la intertextualitat en la traducció, a més de les pressuposicions en relació al discurs i als missatges visuals. A través d’un estudi de mètodes mixts, un grup de participants va treballar amb nursery rhymes presentats ací de forma intertextual i amb suport visual. L’estudi ofereix informació sobre les expectatives adquirides i els patrons discursius dels infants i adolescents. En la revisió dels resultats, es demostra que l’adaptació visual influeix en la aculturació i les pressuposicions dels infants tot partint d’un model hegemònic i redueix la seua capacitat d’estrangerització en transferències culturals. Paraules clau: adaptació, intertextualitat, nursery rhymes, traducció, aculturació

Determining Protein Requirements In The Acutely Ill Patient

This review discusses protein requirements in disease. It begins by explaining how protein requirements are determined in normal health and the process of nutritional adaptation. It points out the salient features of diseases that increase a patient’s protein requirement, with detailed attention to the effect of systemic inflammation both to increase protein requirements and prevent normal adaptation to starvation. The review also explains and reconciles problems of uncertainty about how much protein to provide to acutely ill patients. Finally, it provides the clinical information and physiologic reasoning necessary to choose appropriate amounts of protein to provide to individual acutely ill patients. This review contains 1 figure and 59 references Key words: adaptation, cachexia, frailty, hypoalbuminemia, inflammation, malnutrition, muscle atrophy, nutritional requirements, protein-energy malnutrition, protein requirements, systemic inflammation

Alterations In Macronutrient ­Metabolism In Starvation And Disease

This review explains starvation as both a physiologic process and a disease. It includes a detailed explanation of the modifying effects of metabolic adaptation and systemic inflammation, as interpreted in a clinical context. It navigates the reader through the difficult shoals of vague and conflicting terminology that burden this topic and provides current definitions and nuanced explanations of the important but frequently misunderstood terms related to starvation and its modifiers and consequences. It provides a succinct explanation of the physiology of total fasting and its clinical correlates. Finally, it explains the interactions among starvation, sarcopenia, frailty, involuntary weight loss, systemic inflammation, cachexia, and disuse muscle atrophy. The multiple and interacting causes of generalized muscle atrophy are pointed out. Inadequate appreciation of these interactions can result in failure to diagnose and treat starvation-induced diseases. A clinical approach to involuntary weight loss is outlined. This review contains 6 figures, 2 tables and 56 references Key words: adaptation, cachexia, frailty, hypoalbuminemia, inflammation, ketosis, kwashiorkor, malnutrition, marasmus, muscle atrophy, protein-energy malnutrition, sarcopenia, starvation, systemic inflammation, weight loss

Adjustment Disorder and Its Clinical Management

Adjustment disorder is a condition of subjective emotional distress triggered as a consequence of a meaningful change in life. The diagnosis of adjustment disorder is hindered by the difficult operational definition of stress and of its related concept of “vulnerability,” by the problem of disentangling symptoms of adjustment disorder from those attributable to comorbid anxiety and mood disorders, and by the poor boundaries of the disorder with other stress-related conditions on the one hand and with common adaptation to life events on the other. Despite the high frequency of its diagnosis in clinical settings, there has been relatively little research on the adjustment disorder and, consequently, very few hints about its treatments. Several psychotherapies have been developed to deal with patients diagnosed with adjustment disorder, with inconclusive evidence on their effectiveness. Antidepressants may abate the symptoms and help patients reacquire occupational and social functioning. The medium-term outcome of adjustment disorder is good, with 70 to 80% of those diagnosed with it showing no evidence of psychopathology when reassessed 5 years from the episode. However, when comorbid with a personality disorder or a substance use disorder, the short-term risk of suicide may be increased. The long-term outcome of adjustment disorder seems to be worse in children and adolescents than in adults. In particular, adolescents diagnosed with adjustment disorder were more likely than adults to have received a diagnosis of a severe mental disorder at the 5-year follow-up, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder. This review contains 1 figure, 6 tables, and 52 references. Key words: adaptation, adjustment disorder, anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, treatment, vulnerability