Strong Temporal Isolation among Containers in OpenStack for NFV Services

Effects of timed physical exercise were examined on the reentrainment of sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms to an 8-h phase-advanced sleep schedule. Seventeen male adults spent 12 days in a temporal isolation facility with dim light conditions (<10 lux). The sleep schedule was phase-advanced by 8 h from their habitual sleep times for 4 days, which was followed by a free-run session for 6 days, during which the subjects were deprived of time cues. During the shift schedule, the exercise group ( n = 9) performed physical exercise with a bicycle ergometer in the early and middle waking period for 2 h each. The control group ( n = 8) sat on a chair at those times. Their sleep-wake cycles were monitored every day by polysomnography and/or weight sensor equipped with a bed. The circadian rhythm in plasma melatonin was measured on the baseline day before phase shift: on the 4th day of shift schedule and the 5th day of free-run. As a result, the sleep-onset on the first day of free-run in the exercise group was significantly phase-advanced from that in the control and from the baseline. On the other hand, the circadian melatonin rhythm was significantly phase-delayed in the both groups, showing internal desynchronization of the circadian rhythms. The sleep-wake cycle resynchronized to the melatonin rhythm by either phase-advance or phase-delay shifts in the free-run session. These findings indicate that the reentrainment of the sleep-wake cycle to a phase-advanced schedule occurs independent of the circadian pacemaker and is accelerated by timed physical exercise.

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Movement, Mood, and Moment in Human Subjects during Temporal Isolation

Sleep—Wake Disorders ◽

10.1007/978-1-4899-0245-0_3 ◽

1997 ◽

pp. 27-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jürgen Aschoff

Keyword(s):

Human Subjects ◽

Temporal Isolation

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Simulating the action of zeitgebers on a coupled two-oscillator model of the human circadian system

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1984.247.3.r418 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 247 (3) ◽

pp. R418-R426

Author(s):

P. H. Gander ◽

R. E. Kronauer ◽

C. A. Czeisler ◽

M. C. Moore-Ede

Keyword(s):

Core Temperature ◽

Activity Rhythm ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Model Performance ◽

The Other ◽

Oscillator Model ◽

Temporal Isolation ◽

The Core ◽

Temperature Rhythm ◽

Rest Activity

Our two-oscillator model was originally designed to describe the circadian rhythms of human subjects maintained in temporal isolation. The performance of this model in response to simulated environmental synchronizing cycles (zeitgebers) is examined here. Six distinct types of synchronization are demonstrated between the x oscillator (postulated to regulate the core temperature rhythm), the y oscillator (postulated to regulate the rest-activity rhythm), and z (the zeitgeber). Four types of synchronization are identifiable, if we consider only the periods of the three oscillators. Both x and y may be synchronized by z; either may synchronize with z while the other exhibits a different period; or x, y, and z may each show different periods. Two further classes of synchronization are discernible when phase criteria are taken into account. When either x or y is on the verge of desynchronizing from the other two oscillators, it undergoes periodic phase modulations while retaining the common overall period. The type of synchronization observed depends on the periods of x, y, and z and on the strength of the z drive. The effects of modifying each of these parameters have been systematically investigated by simulation, and model performance is summarized in terms of range of entrainment "maps." These constitute extensive sets of predictions about expected patterns of entrainment of the core temperature and rest-activity rhythms of human subjects exposed to various environmental zeitgebers. Experimental data are available against which model predictions can be tested.

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Habitat or temporal isolation: Unraveling herbivore-parasitoid speciation patterns using double digest RADseq

Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1002/ece3.4457 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (19) ◽

pp. 9803-9816 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Y. Miles Zhang ◽

Amber I. H. Bass ◽

D. Catalina Fernández ◽

Barbara J. Sharanowski

Keyword(s):

Temporal Isolation

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The pink salmon genome: uncovering the genomic consequences of a strict two-year life-cycle

10.1101/2021.08.05.455323 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kris A. Christensen ◽

Eric B. Rondeau ◽

Dionne Sakhrani ◽

Carlo A. Biagi ◽

Hollie Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pacific Salmon ◽

Pink Salmon ◽

Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽

Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Isolated Populations ◽

Temporal Isolation ◽

History Of ◽

Genome Assemblies ◽

Salmon Fishery

Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) adults are the smallest of the five Pacific salmon native to the western Pacific Ocean. Pink salmon are also the most abundant of these species and account for a large proportion of the commercial value of the salmon fishery worldwide. A strict two-year life-history of most pink salmon generates temporally isolated populations that spawn either in even-years or odd-years. To uncover the influence of this genetic isolation, reference genome assemblies were generated for each year-class and whole genome re-sequencing data was collected from salmon of both year-classes. The salmon were sampled from six Canadian rivers and one Japanese river. At multiple centromeres we identified peaks of Fst between year-classes that were millions of base-pairs long. The largest Fst peak was also associated with a million base-pair chromosomal polymorphism found in the odd-year genome near a centromere. These Fst peaks may be the result of centromere drive or a combination of reduced recombination and genetic drift, and they could influence speciation. Other regions of the genome influenced by odd-year and even-year temporal isolation and tentatively under selection were mostly associated with genes related to immune function, organ development/maintenance, and behaviour.

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Temporal isolation between sympatric host plants cascades across multiple trophic levels of host-associated insects

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2019.0572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 20190572 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Linyi Zhang ◽

Glen R. Hood ◽

James R. Ott ◽

Scott P. Egan

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Host Plants ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Gall Wasp ◽

Temporal Isolation ◽

Tightly Coupled ◽

Mating Opportunities ◽

Ephemeral Resources

Phenological differences between host plants can promote temporal isolation among host-associated populations of insects with life cycles tightly coupled to plant phenology. Divergence in the timing of spring budbreak between two sympatric sister oak species has been shown to promote temporal isolation between host plants and their host-associated populations of a cynipid gall wasp. Here, we examined the generality of this mechanism by testing the hypothesis of cascading temporal isolation for five additional gall-formers and three natural enemy species associated with these same oak species. The timing of adult emergence from galls differed significantly between host-associated populations for all nine species and parallels the direction of the phenological differences between host plants. Differences in emergence timing can reduce gene flow between host-associated populations by diminishing mating opportunities and/or reducing the fitness of immigrants due to differences in the availability of ephemeral resources. Our study suggests that cascading temporal isolation could be a powerful ‘biodiversity generator’ across multiple trophic levels in tightly coupled plant–insect systems.

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