The pseudoinverse pattern synthesis method: experimental verification using a prototype cylindrical-section ultrasound hyperthermia phased-array applicator

The systematic exploration of synthetic pathways to afford a desired product through quantum chemical calculations remains a considerable challenge. In 2013, Maeda et al. introduced ‘quantum chemistry aided retrosynthetic analysis’ (QCaRA), which uses quantum chemical calculations to search systematically for decomposition paths of the target product and propose a synthesis method. However, until now, no new reactions suggested by QCaRA have been reported to lead to experimental discoveries. Using a difluoroglycine derivative as a target, this study investigated the ability of QCaRA to suggest various synthetic paths to the target without relying on previous data or the knowledge and experience of chemists. Furthermore, experimental verification of the seemingly most promising path led to the discovery of a synthesis method for the difluoroglycine derivative. The extent of the hands-on expertise of chemists required during the verification process was also evaluated. These insights are expected to advance the applicability of QCaRA to the discovery of viable experimental synthetic routes.

Download Full-text

Discovery of a Difluoroglycine Synthesis Method through Quantum Chemical Calculations

10.26434/chemrxiv.11550057 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Mita ◽

Yu Harabuchi ◽

Satoshi Maeda

Keyword(s):

Quantum Chemical Calculations ◽

Experimental Verification ◽

Quantum Chemical ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Target Product ◽

Systematic Exploration ◽

Hands On ◽

Retrosynthetic Analysis ◽

Synthetic Routes ◽

Verification Process

The systematic exploration of synthetic pathways to afford a desired product through quantum chemical calculations remains a considerable challenge. In 2013, Maeda et al. introduced ‘quantum chemistry aided retrosynthetic analysis’ (QCaRA), which uses quantum chemical calculations to search systematically for decomposition paths of the target product and propose a synthesis method. However, until now, no new reactions suggested by QCaRA have been reported to lead to experimental discoveries. Using a difluoroglycine derivative as a target, this study investigated the ability of QCaRA to suggest various synthetic paths to the target without relying on previous data or the knowledge and experience of chemists. Furthermore, experimental verification of the seemingly most promising path led to the discovery of a synthesis method for the difluoroglycine derivative. The extent of the hands-on expertise of chemists required during the verification process was also evaluated. These insights are expected to advance the applicability of QCaRA to the discovery of viable experimental synthetic routes.

Download Full-text

Pattern Synthesis Method for Arbitrary Arrays

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1146.2006.01910 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 738-741

Author(s):

Xia Zhang ◽

Hai-hong Tao ◽

Gui-sheng Lian

Keyword(s):

Synthesis Method ◽

Pattern Synthesis

Download Full-text

Multiple-focus ultrasound phased-array pattern synthesis: optimal driving-signal distributions for hyperthermia

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control ◽

10.1109/58.31798 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 540-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 215

Author(s):

E.S. Ebbini ◽

C.A. Cain

Keyword(s):

Phased Array ◽

Focus Ultrasound ◽

Pattern Synthesis ◽

Array Pattern ◽

Multiple Focus ◽

Optimal Driving ◽

Driving Signal

Download Full-text

Iterative Fourier Transform Phased Array Radar Pattern Synthesis

10.1117/12.942048 ◽

1987 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. W. Carroll ◽

B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Phased Array ◽

Pattern Synthesis ◽

Phased Array Radar

Download Full-text

Gravitational search algorithm for synthesis of selectively thinned concentric ring array antenna with minimum sidelobe level and with fixed and variable first null beamwidth

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies ◽

10.1017/s1759078714001184 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 775-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anirban Chatterjee ◽

Gautam Kumar Mahanti ◽

Narendra Nath Pathak

Keyword(s):

Search Algorithm ◽

Gravitational Search Algorithm ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Computational Time ◽

Sidelobe Level ◽

Concentric Ring ◽

Pattern Synthesis ◽

First Case ◽

Gravitational Search ◽

First Null Beamwidth

Thinning a large concentric ring array by an evolutionary algorithm needs to handle a large amount of variables. The computational time to find out the optimum elements set increases with the increase of array size. Moreover, thinning significantly reduces the directivity of the array. In this paper, the authors propose a pattern synthesis method to reduce the peak sidelobe level (peak SLL) while keeping first null beamwidth (FNBW) of the array fixed by thinning the outermost rings of the array based on Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). Two different cases have been studied. In the first case only the outermost ring of the array is thinned and in the second case the two outermost rings are thinned. The FNBW of the optimized array is kept equal to or less than that of a fully populated, uniformly excited and 0.5 λ spaced concentric ring array of same number of elements and rings. The directivity of the optimized array for the above two cases are compared with an array optimized by thinning all the rings, while keeping the design criteria same as the above two cases. The optimized array by thinning the outermost rings gives higher directivity over the optimized array by thinning all the rings. Time required for computing the optimum elements state for the above two cases using GSA are shown lesser compared to the optimized array by thinning all the rings using the same algorithm. The peak SLL and the FNBW of the optimized array for the above two cases are also compared with the optimized array by thinning all the rings.

Download Full-text