Safeguarding Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Pacific: report on good practice in the protection and management of World War II-related underwater cultural heritage CALVINEMESIOCHEL, BILLJEFFERY, JUNKIMURA, JENNIFERMcKINNON, SUNNYNGIRMANG, AKATSUKITAKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-496
Author(s):  
GEORGE SCHWARZ
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
World War ◽  
The Pacific

Legal Pluralism in the Pacific: Solomon Island's World War II Heritage

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Craig Forrest ◽  
Jennifer Corrin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
World War ◽  
High Court ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pacific Island Nations

AbstractThe country of Solomon Islands, like most Pacific island nations, has a legally pluralistic regime. That is, customary law operates in parallel with the common law, a legacy of Solomon Islands' colonial past. Legal pluralism raises significant difficulties, including in the way cultural heritage is protected and managed. To date, the courts have rarely been called on to deal with such issues, but in 2010 the High Court had to examine legislation designed to regulate the recovery and export of World War II relics. This seemingly innocuous case raised a number of issues concerning the rights of different stakeholders to this material. Moreover, it raised a foundational question as to whether these relics might be considered cultural heritage, and if so, just whose heritage it was. A consideration of this case and the legislation that applies to this heritage serves to illustrate some of the difficulties that arise in protecting cultural heritage within pluralistic legal systems.

IDENTIFIKASI SITUS ARKEOLOGI BAWAH AIR TINGGALAN PERANG DUNIA II DI PERAIRAN TELUK AMBON

KALPATARU ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Wisnu A. Gemilang ◽  
Nia N.H Ridwan ◽  
Ulung J. Wisha
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
World War ◽  
Side Scan Sonar ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cultural Heritage Preservation

City of Ambon holds the evidence of  colonialism  as City of Ambon holds the evidence of  colonialism  as part of World War II history. Various maritime cultural activities contain historical data that can reconstruct the history of Indonesia. One example is Duke of Sparta (SS Aquila) shipwreck, located in Ambon Bay, that is well-known by local and international divers. However, underwater cultural heritage has not optimally managed, even suffers from thievery. Since underwater cultural heritage in Ambon Bay is significant to support national and  international  interests,  this  study  aims to identify and record underwater cultural heritage in Ambon Bay by using Side Scan Sonar (SSS) and direct observation through diving survey. This preliminary study was conducted as the first stage of underwater cultural heritage preservation effort. The result shows findings of archaeological remains of shipwrecks and aircrafts. Some parts were incomplete, covered  by  coral ecosystem, and  become fish  habitat. High level of sedimentation has a role in disrupting the recent condition as most of the wreckages are now covered by sediment materials. Thus, preservation and protection efforts are necessary to be well-managed by central and local governments. Keywords: Underwater archaeology, World War II, Ambon Bay, Side Scan Sonar Kota Ambon mempunyai sejarah  dalam  Perang  Dunia II yang menyimpan bukti-bukti sejarah kolonialisme. Berbagai aktivitas budaya maritim telah meninggalkan data yang melimpah untuk merekonstruksi sejarah bangsa ini. Di Perairan Teluk Ambon terdapat situs kapal kargo Duke of Sparta (SS Aquila) yang sangat dikenal oleh penyelam lokal maupun mancanegara. Permasalahan pada sisi lain sumber daya tinggalan budaya bawah air belum optimal dimanfaatkan, bahkan seringkali diambil secara ilegal. Mengingat bahwa peninggalan arkeologi bawah air di Indonesia khususnya perairan Ambon tidak hanya memiliki signifikansi nasional, tapi juga regional bahkan internasional. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan inventarisasi tinggalan  budaya  arkeologi  bawah laut Ambon menggunakan Side Scan Sonar (SSS) serta pengamatan secara langsung  (penyelaman).  Kegiatan  ini sebagai upaya awal perlindungan terhadap tinggalan tersebut. Hasil pengamatan memperlihatkan beberapa temuan tinggalan arkeologi bawah laut berupa kapal tenggelam SS Aquila, SS Victoria serta situs pesawat. Beberapa bagian situs telihat sudah tidak utuh dan tertutupi oleh ekosistem karang dan dihuni oleh ikan-ikan. Tingginya tingkat sedimentasi berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan situs tersebut, sehingga beberapa bagian situs tertimbun material sedimen. Upaya penyelamatan dan perlindungan perlu dilakukan lebih lanjut baik oleh pemerintah pusat maupun daerah. Kata Kunci: Arkeologi Bawah Air, Perang Dunia II, Teluk Ambon, Side Scan Sonar  

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI SITUS ARKEOLOGI BAWAH AIR TINGGALAN PERANG DUNIA II DI PERAIRAN TELUK AMBON

KALPATARU ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Wisnu A. Gemilang ◽  
Nia N.H Ridwan ◽  
Ulung J. Wisha
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
World War ◽  
Side Scan Sonar ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cultural Heritage Preservation

 Abstract. City of Ambon holds the evidence of colonialism as part of World War II history. Various maritime cultural activities contain historical data that can reconstruct the history of Indonesia. One example is Duke of Sparta (SS Aquila) shipwreck, located in Ambon Bay, that is well-known by local and international divers. However, underwater cultural heritage has not optimally managed, even suffers from thievery. Since underwater cultural heritage in Ambon Bay is significant to support national and international interests, this study aims to identify and record underwater cultural heritage in Ambon Bay by using Side Scan Sonar (SSS) and direct observation through diving survey. This preliminary study was conducted as the first stage of underwater cultural heritage preservation effort. The result shows findings of archaeological remains of shipwrecks and aircrafts. Some parts were incomplete, covered by coral ecosystem, and become fish habitat. High level of sedimentation has a role in disrupting the recent condition as most of the wreckages are now covered by sediment materials. Thus, preservation and protection efforts are necessary to be well-managed by central and local governments.  Keywords: Underwater archaeology, World War II, Ambon Bay, Side Scan Sonar  Abstrak. Kota Ambon mempunyai sejarah dalam Perang Dunia II yang menyimpan bukti-bukti sejarah kolonialisme. Berbagai aktivitas budaya maritim telah meninggalkan data yang melimpah untuk merekonstruksi sejarah bangsa ini. Di Perairan Teluk Ambon terdapat situs kapal kargo Duke of Sparta (SS Aquila) yang sangat dikenal oleh penyelam lokal maupun mancanegara. Permasalahan pada sisi lain sumber daya tinggalan budaya bawah air belum optimal dimanfaatkan, bahkan seringkali diambil secara ilegal. Mengingat bahwa peninggalan arkeologi bawah air di Indonesia khususnya perairan Ambon tidak hanya memiliki signifikansi nasional, tapi juga regional bahkan internasional. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan inventarisasi tinggalan budaya arkeologi bawah laut Ambon menggunakan Side Scan Sonar (SSS) serta pengamatan secara langsung (penyelaman). Kegiatan ini sebagai upaya awal perlindungan terhadap tinggalan tersebut. Hasil pengamatan memperlihatkan beberapa temuan tinggalan arkeologi bawah laut berupa kapal tenggelam SS Aquila, SS Victoria serta situs pesawat. Beberapa bagian situs telihat sudah tidak utuh dan tertutupi oleh ekosistem karang dan dihuni oleh ikan-ikan. Tingginya tingkat sedimentasi berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan situs tersebut, sehingga beberapa bagian situs tertimbun material sedimen. Upaya penyelamatan dan perlindungan perlu dilakukan lebih lanjut baik oleh pemerintah pusat maupun daerah. Kata kunci: Arkeologi Bawah Air, Perang Dunia II, Teluk Ambon, Side Scan Sonar

scholarly journals Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Pacific: Themes and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-168
Author(s):  
Bill Jeffery ◽  
Jennifer F. McKinnon ◽  
Hans Van Tilburg
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
Atlantic Trade ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Galleon Trade

This article focuses on the underwater cultural heritage (UCH) located across the Pacific Ocean by sampling three temporal themes: living heritage and traditional indigenous cultural heritage, the global connections of the Manila Galleon trade, and the modern warfare of World War II (WWII). Many of the traditional cultural practices (living heritage) and tangible cultural heritage related to indigenous people of the Pacific are coastal and sea related. Their world encompasses the sea, which was not seen as a barrier as but a much-used connection to people occupying the thousands of islands. The Pacific contains an extensive maritime cultural heritage, including UCH, which reflects the cultural identity of people living in the region. From the 16th to 18th centuries, the Spanish Empire prospered through an elaborate Asia-Pacific trade network. The Manila Galleon trade between Manila, Philippines, and Acapulco, Mexico, connected into the existing Atlantic trade transporting commodities such as porcelain, silver, spices and textiles from Asia to the Americas and Spain. Of the 400 known voyages between 1565 and 1815, approximately 59 shipwrecks occurred, of which only a handful of galleons have been investigated. The scale of WWII heritage in the Pacific region reflects the intensity and impacts of global conflicts fought across the world’s largest ocean. Associated UCH includes near shore defensive infrastructure, landing and amphibious assault craft, submerged aircraft, and a wide range of ships and submarines, auxiliary, combatant and non-military casualties alike. Twentieth century warfare involved massive losses of material. The legacy of submerged battlefields in the Pacific is complex. Interest is high in the discovery of naval UCH, but critical aspects are often intertwined. Archaeology, history, reuse, memorialisation (gravesites), tourism, unexploded ordnance, environmental threat (fuel oil), ownership and salvage all shape what we can learn from this resource.

Before the summit: News media framing, scripts and the flag-raising at Iwo Jima

2021 ◽  
pp. 175063522199094
Author(s):  
Matthew Pressman ◽  
James J Kimble
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
News Media ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
World War ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cognitive Scripts ◽  
New Interpretation

Drawing upon media framing theory and the concept of cognitive scripts, this article provides a new interpretation of the context in which the famous World War II photograph ‘Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima’ appeared. This interpretation is based primarily on an examination of American newspaper and newsreel coverage from the Pacific island battles prior to Iwo Jima. The coverage – especially the pictorial coverage – often followed a three-step sequence that showed US forces proceeding from a landing to a series of skirmishes, then culminating with a flag-raising image. This created a predictable cognitive script. That script, combined with other framing devices found in the news coverage (such as metaphors and catchphrases), conveyed the misleading message that the Allies’ final victory over Japan was imminent in early 1945. The Iwo Jima photo drove home that message more emphatically than anything else. This circumstance had profound implications for government policy at the time and, in retrospect, it illustrates the potency of media framing – particularly in times of crisis or war.

scholarly journals Antonio Morassi, Giulio Carlo Argan, Roberto Longhi e la riscoperta del Caravaggio di casa Balbi a Genova (1939-1952)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 351-369
Author(s):  
Giulio Zavatta
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
World War ◽  
Published Report ◽  
The World

Antonio Morassi’s archive and photographic library kept in the Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage of Ca’ Foscari University in Venice preserves a series of documents relating to the rediscovery of the Caravaggio of Casa Balbi, which took place during the World War II. Antonio Morassi had a look to the Conversion of Saint Paul in the Genoese palace of Balbi and studied it to publish it. The picture that Morassi sent to the publishers was however showed to Giulio Carlo Argan, who was also writing a monograph about Caravaggio. Argan pledged to acknowledge the discovery to Morassi. But, Argan published report about the painting in an article in 1943. However, Roberto Longhi intervened, denying that it was a Caravaggio pain- ting. Morassi, who discovered this painting, published it on the Emporium magazine only in 1947, after World War II, is therefore not often recognized as the discoverer of this masterpiece.

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