Leaf economics in a three‐dimensional environment: Testing leaf trait responses in vascular epiphytes to land use, climate, and tree zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannine H. Richards ◽  
Ellen I. Damschen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Leaf Economics

Three dimensional characteristics of biopores and non-biopores in the subsoil respond differently to land use and fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 428 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongbin Zhang ◽  
Kailou Liu ◽  
Hu Zhou ◽  
Henry Lin ◽  
Daming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals The Changing Uses of Cadastral Information: A User-Driven Case Study

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Krigsholm ◽  
Kirsikka Riekkinen ◽  
Pirjo Ståhle
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Banking Regulations ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Public Data ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Land Administration Systems

Cadastral information and land administration systems are central to effective land markets, land use and sustainable development. This paper focuses on one aspect of land administration dynamism: the changing uses of cadastral information. We follow a qualitative approach and offer an overview of why, how, and in what form user groups use cadastre and land register data in Finland. We then explore different user groups’ perceptions of emerging changes and discuss their implications for the future land administration system. We identify six major changes that potentially have such implications: the streamlining of environmental permit procedures, the integration of public services, three-dimensional land use planning, tightening banking regulations, digital services, and e-government, and coordination among public data agencies. The paper addresses the relatively unexplored customer side of cadastral information and reiterates the need for an interoperable, accurate and reliable land administration system.

Methods of monitoring real estate objects using three-dimensional laser scanning in the specifics of urban lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 970 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
D.A. Gura ◽  
I.G. Markovskii ◽  
S.K. Pshidatok
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Information System ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Federal State ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
State Register ◽  
Automated Information System ◽  
Capital Construction

The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for monitoring real estate objects, as a single information block, by including this procedure for capital construction objects in the process of land use control to update the information contained in state systems. The object of the research is the systems of state monitoring of land use based on the automated information system of state monitoring of land and registration of immovable objects based on the federal state information system of the Unified State Register of Real Estate. The subject of the work is creation a concept for a system of monitoring immovable objects, as a single resource, by introducing a monitoring unit for capital construction ones. As a result of the research, the stages of the method implementation are described, the key users of the final monitoring system for real estate objects are presented and options for its practical application are indicated.

scholarly journals Estimation of building shape by block size

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Masahiro Taima ◽  
Yasushi Asami ◽  
Kimihiro Hino
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
Floor Area Ratio ◽  
Building Shape ◽  
Building Footprint

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Block restructuring has been strongly emphasized in Japan for renovating cities. However, little is known about the relation between block size and building shape. Moreover, the shape of buildings designed on a block after restructuring is unclear. Some estimation methods for urban physical status, such as building footprint location, floor area, and land use, have been developed in previous research. Taima et al. (2016) developed a model to estimate the building footprint area by using GIS. The future image of the building footprint on various blocks is visualized. Similarly, Asami and Ohtaki (2000) developed a model to estimate detached house location. Orford (2010) developed a methodology for estimating the floor area of individual properties from digital infrastructure data. Shiravi et al. (2015) assessed the utility of some models for estimating floor area using three data sources: a geographic vector building footprint layer, a LiDAR data set, and field survey data for the south side of the city of Fredericton, Canada. They discussed the reliability and accuracy of each model. In other research, Brunner et al. (2009) extended a methodology for building height estimation and tried to improve its accuracy. Schmidt et al. (2010) presented an approach to the estimation of building density on the block scale. Land use (Debnath and Amin, 2016; Jiang and Liu, 2012) and floor area (Orford, 2010) are popular topics and estimated in previous studies of the urban field, but estimation of building shape has seldom been a focus in the literature. Three-dimensional estimations of buildings cannot be found. If software to estimate building shape by block shape and other conditions was developed, it would be useful to determine urban planning, such as population estimation and landuse estimation. In this study, an estimation model is developed and applied to certain areas. In this study, the relation between block size and building shape is analyzed quantitatively, and a three-dimensional building shape is estimated by a model using an urban planning GIS data set of Tokyo (Figure 1 and 2). Results show the quantitative relation between block size and building shape, and the building shape image on the blocks. Higher buildings and buildings with a basement tend to be built in larger blocks, leading to efficient use of the maximum volume permitted in the block. In addition, the region composed by larger blocks can be spacious, because the range of building setback will be long in larger blocks. Designation of a high floor area ratio may induce integration and enlargement of blocks. Blocks are less likely to be partitioned in zones when a high floor area ratio is designated.</p>

Leaf economics explained by optimality principles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
I. Colin Prentice ◽  
Ian J. Wright ◽  
Shengchao Qiao ◽  
Xiangtao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Leaf Economics Spectrum ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Environmental Selection ◽  
Optimality Principles ◽  
Leaf Economics

SUMMARYThe worldwide leaf economics spectrum relates leaf lifespan (LL) to leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA)1. By combining three well-supported principles2–4, we show that an isometric relationship between these two quantities maximizes the leaf’s net carbon gain. This theory predicts a spectrum of equally competent LMA-LL combinations in any given environment, and how their optimal ratio varies across environments. By analysing two large, independent leaf-trait datasets for woody species1,5, we provide quantitative empirical support for the predicted dependencies of LL on LMA and environment in evergreen plants, and for the distinct predicted dependencies of LMA on light, temperature, growing-season length and aridity in evergreen and deciduous plants. We thereby resolve the long-standing question of why deciduous LMA tends to increase (with increasing LL) towards the equator, while evergreen LMA and LL decrease6. We also show how the statistical distribution of LMA within communities can be modelled as an outcome of environmental selection on the global pool of species with diverse values of LMA and LL.

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