Urban space classification of squares in Kazan

Purpose: The author's classification of open spaces of urban activity.Research findings: Existing theories and concepts about urban space are studied and analyzed, modern global trends and approaches to the classification of urban spaces are identified, three city squares in Kazan are studied and analyzed.Research implications: The compiled classification of architecture and urban planning can be used in urban planning of territories with new buildings when introducing spaces of urban activity.

Estimating the drivers of urban economic complexity and their connection to economic performance

Estimating the capabilities, or inputs of production, that drive and constrain the economic development of urban areas has remained a challenging goal. We posit that capabilities are instantiated in the complexity and sophistication of urban activities, the know-how of individual workers, and the city-wide collective know-how. We derive a model that indicates how the value of these three quantities can be inferred from the probability that an individual in a city is employed in a given urban activity. We illustrate how to estimate empirically these variables using data on employment across industries and metropolitan statistical areas in the USA. We then show how the functional form of the probability function derived from our theory is statistically superior when compared with competing alternative models, and that it explains well-known results in the urban scaling and economic complexity literature. Finally, we show how the quantities are associated with metrics of economic performance, suggesting our theory can provide testable implications for why some cities are more prosperous than others.

Identification Of Multifunctional Urban Activity Centers In Tokyo

Identification of urban activity centers is among the most important components of the urban structure study, it is necessary for reasonable planning, regulation of traffic flows and other practical measures. The purpose of this paper is to design a complex method to identify urban activity centers based on different but universal data types. In this study, we used social media data (Twitter) since it guarantees regular updates and does not rely on administrative borders and points of interest database that was considered a 'hard' representation of multifunctional urban activities. A large amount of geotagged tweets was processed by means of statistical modelling (spatial autoregression) and combined with the distribution analysis of points of interest. This allowed to identify the local centers of urban activity within 23 special wards of Tokyo more objectively and precisely than when only based on the social media data. Thereafter, delimitated centers were classified in order to define and describe their main functional and spatial characteristics. As a result of the study, railway transport was identified as the main attraction factor of the urban activity; the modern urban structure of Tokyo was identified and mapped; a new comprehensive method for identification of urban activity centers was developed and five classes of urban activity centers were defined and described.

Potential Influence of Sewage Phosphorus and Wet and Dry Deposition Detected in Fish Collected in the Athabasca River North of Fort McMurray

The health of fish is a primary indicator of ecosystem response in the Oil Sands Region of northeastern Alberta. However, industrial activity is accompanied by other stressors, such as the discharge of sewage, municipal activity, forest fires, and natural weathering and erosion of bitumen. To combat the spatial confounding influences, we examined white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) captured in the Athabasca River at sites over time (2011–2019) and included covariates to account for the possible sources of influence. The analyses suggest spatially heterogeneous influences of natural factors on fish, such as discharge and air temperature, but also the influence of sewage phosphorus and precipitation. Among the stressors examined here, precipitation may be the most complex and may include a mixture of sources including inputs from tributaries, urban activity, industrial development, and forest fires. Although suggestive, the attribution of variance and detection of changes are affected by sample sizes in some years; these analyses may have missed effects or misspecified important relationships, especially in males. Despite these limitations, the analyses suggest potential differences may be associated with precipitation and highlight the need to integrate robust information on known and suspected stressors in future monitoring of aquatic ecosystems in the oil sands region and beyond.

PLANNING GREEN SPACES FOR PALESTINIAN CITIES IN THE ABSENCE OF A SHAPELINESS IMAGE FOR THE CITY’S LANDSCAPE(TULKARM CITY AS A MODEL)

Green spaces consider an important need in balancing urban activity on the one hand and the residential, health, and shapeliness environment of the city on the other hand, which requires planning studied vision to persevere the balance between population growth, urbanization, and green spaces in the city. This study aims to identify the reality of planning in Palestinian cities (Tulkarm as a model ) and the extent to which green spaces are affected by Israeli measures and their ability to sufficient the requirements of the population, in addition to, give an aesthetic image to the city’s landscape. This was done by conducting field surveys and interviews with the relevant authorities in institutions Planning, implementation, and use of Geomolg systems for geospatial information in Palestine. The study reached the main conclusion that there is an increase in urban growth in the structural plan of the city, and a lack of green spaces as a result of, the inability to expand the structural plan, which was planned in the year (2006 AD) due to the Israeli measures, which led to a distortion of the aesthetic image of the city, and a decrease in the individual's possession of Green areas, which amounted to ( 0.4m²) of the area of the structural plan amounting to (13790.351) acres (dunums)also the study reached several recommendations to contribute to solving this problem.

Mapping diversity: From ecology and human geography to urbanism and culture

A large body of research across science and humanities has come to deal with diversity, which, as a scientific concept, proved immensely relevant in understanding anything from nature and ecosystems to cities and culture. Here, we develop a first method to quantify and map urban diversity. Our article begins with a concrete example through which we demonstrate how to apply a basic version of our method to create a diversity map for a given urban area. This map is easy to interpret and can be used to accurately locate the most diverse centers of urban activity. We then go on to show how our basic method can be expanded to quantify many different types of urban diversity, and how it can be scaled out towards high- resolution mapping of diversity on local, regional, and global scales. Finally, we make a bridge to other scientific disciplines by proposing six key components that may serve as a foundation for a general framework for diversity analysis and mapping. Finally, we suggest that these maps could be very important, in particular in understanding cycles of diversification and growth.