Mass production of Diglyphus isaea
 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a biological control agent of a Korean population of potato leaf miner Liriomyza huidobrensis
 (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

AbstractThe gracillariid leaf miner Dialectica scalariella (Zell.), which occurs in Mediterranean Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and the Canaries, is a potential biological control agent for the weed Echium plantagineum in Australia. The moth has a high fecundity and oviposits on the leaves of Echium spp. and other Boraginaceae. The larvae destroy the leaves by forming large bulbous blotch mines. There are 5-7 generations per year. Host restriction of D. scalariella to Boraginaceae was tested by exposing a wide range of cultivated plants considered to be most at risk from it because of their close relation to Boraginaceae, because they were of Australian or non-European origin, because they did not occur in the same ecoclimatic region as D. scalariella, because their entomological fauna was poorly known, and because they or related plants were known to be attacked by insects closely related to D. scalariella. The host restriction of the moth was confirmed as only boraginaceous plants were attacked. It was concluded that both in terms of effectiveness and specificity D. scalariella could serve as a biological control agent in Australia for E. plantagineum.

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Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): a probable complex of cryptic species that forms an important biological control agent of agromyzid leaf miners

Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00375.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 128-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Z.-L. Sha ◽

C.-D. Zhu ◽

R. W. Murphy ◽

D.-W. Huang

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Cryptic Species ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Leaf Miners ◽

Diglyphus Isaea

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Mass Production and Application of Spodoptera pectinicornis as Biological Control Agent of Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes)

Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management ◽

10.20527/jwem.v5i1.60 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Helda Orbani Rosa ◽

Samharinto . ◽

Lyswiana Aphrodyanti

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Mass Production ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Pistia Stratiotes ◽

Aquatic Weeds ◽

Water Lettuce ◽

Liquid Fertilizer ◽

Air Circulation

Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) is one of the important aquatic weeds because it can cause many problems for humans and the environment. In addition, the declining quality and quantity of water is also due to the invasion of water lettuce weeds covering the surface of waters, which can lead to the increasing transpiration and destruction of plankton making the balance of the ecosystem disrupted. This study was conducted in an attempt to control P. Stratiotes by utilizing the biological control agent Spodoptera pectinicornis with mass production and its releasing applications in South Kalimantan’s waters. The study was started by taking and collecting S. pectinicornis from several places/fields. The moths were then placed in trays of water and put in a gauze cage of 75 cm x 75 cm x 75 cm in order to keep the air circulation. They were nourished in the laboratory to produce groups of eggs. The groups of eggs were then transferred to rearing ponds. When a fair number of agents were obtained, the treatment of liquid fertilizer AB Mix was carried out. The results showed that the fertilization treatment to water lettuce weeds as the food for the biological control agent S. pectinicornis did not differ from the condition when there was no fertilization treatment either on the feeding ability, weight of larvae and pupae or fitness of imago. However, its destructive ability is high that it has a big potential as a biological control of water lettuce.

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Advances in Mass Rearing Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), a Biological Control Agent for Brazilian Peppertree in Florida

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12090790 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 790

Author(s):

Dale A. Halbritter ◽

Min B. Rayamajhi ◽

Gregory S. Wheeler ◽

Jorge G. Leidi ◽

Jenna R. Owens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Mass Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Classical Biological Control ◽

Control Agent ◽

Scale Production ◽

Field Release ◽

Rearing Methods

Pseudophilothrips ichini is a recently approved biological control agent for the highly invasive Brazilian peppertree in Florida, USA. Prior to approval for field release in 2019, thrips colonies used for host specificity testing were produced and maintained in small cylinders to fit in restricted quarantine spaces. This next segment in the classical biological control pipeline is mass production and distribution of P. ichini. To accomplish this, we developed novel techniques to expand from small colony maintenance to large-scale production. We first quantified the productivity of the small cylinders, each containing a 3.8 L potted plant and producing an average of 368 thrips per generation. Given the amount of maintenance the cylinders required, we investigated larger cages to see if greater numbers of thrips could be produced with less effort. Acrylic boxes (81.5 × 39.5 × 39.5 cm) each contained two 3.8 L plants and produced an average of 679 thrips per generation. The final advancement was large, thrips-proof Lumite® screen cages (1.8 × 1.8 × 1.8 m) that each held six plants in 11.4 L pots and produced 13,864 thrips in as little as 5 wk. Screen cages and cylinders had the greatest thrips fold production, but screen cages required ten times less labor per thrips compared to either cylinders or boxes. The efficiency of these large screen cages ensured sustained mass production and field release capacity in Schinus-infested landscapes. The screen cage method is adapted and used by collaborators, and this will expand the literature on beneficial thrips mass rearing methods.

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Effect of Prey Species and Prey Densities on the Performance of Adult Coenosia attenuata

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12080669 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 669

Author(s):

Deyu Zou ◽

Thomas A. Coudron ◽

Lisheng Zhang ◽

Weihong Xu ◽

Jingyang Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Mass Production ◽

Prey Density ◽

Prey Species ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Low Cost ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Control Agent ◽

Wing Damage ◽

Coenosia Attenuata

Mass production of Coenosia attenuata Stein at low cost is very important for their use as a biological control agent. The present study reports the performance of C. attenuata adults when reared on Drosophila melanogaster Meigen or Bradysia impatiens (Johannsem). Different densities (6, 9, 15, 24 and 36 adults per predator) of D. melanogaster or (6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 adults per predator) of B. impatiens were used at 26 ± 1 °C, 14:10 (L:D) and 70 ± 5% RH. The results concluded that C. attenuata adults had higher fecundity, longer longevity and less wing damage when reared on B. impatiens adults compared to D. melanogaster adults. Additionally, C. attenuata adults demonstrated greater difficulty catching and carrying heavier D. melanogaster adults than lighter B. impatiens adults. In this case, 12 to 24 adults of B. impatiens daily per predator were considered optimal prey density in the mass rearing of adult C. attenuata.

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APHANOGMUS FULMEKI ASHMEAD (HYMENOPTERA: CERAPHRONIDAE), A PARASITOID OF APHIDOLETES APHIDIMYZA RONDANI (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent125161-1 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 125 (1) ◽

pp. 161-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L.A. Gilkeson ◽

J. P. McLean ◽

P. Dessart

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

British Columbia ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Mass Production ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Gall Midge ◽

Control Agent ◽

Aphidoletes Aphidimyza ◽

Production Methods ◽

Predatory Gall Midge

The predatory gall midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani 1847), is a biological control agent used worldwide to control aphids. Mass-production methods are well established in Canada, the Netherlands, England, Germany, Finland, and the former U.S.S.R. (cf. van Leiburg and Ramakers 1984). In early March 1991, after 6 years of massproduction of A. aphidimyza on a rapidly increasing scale, two minute adult hymenopterous parasitoids were observed eclosing from a sample of pupae at a commercial insectary in British Columbia. It is likely that the founding parasitoid individual(s) entered the greenhouse before winter, as parasitoids appeared too early in the year to have entered from outdoors at that time.

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