The Efficacy of Technology‐Based Interventions for Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use Among Women of Childbearing Age: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), in African women of childbearing age.Study designSystematic review and meta-analysis of relevant African studies published from January 2000 to December 2016.Data sourcesWe searched several databases, including EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, grey literature and references of included studies.SettingStudies carried out in African communities or any population-based studies were included.ParticipantsWe included studies, carried out in Africa, with non-pregnant women of childbearing age. Studies must have been published between the years 2000 and 2016.OutcomesThe primary outcome was prevalent T2DM. The secondary outcomes were IFG and IGT.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently extracted data and, using the adapted Hoy risk of bias tool, independently assessed for risk of bias. We used random-effects meta-analysis models to pool prevalence estimates across studies. We used Cochran’s Q statistic and the I2 statistic to assess heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 39 studies from 27 countries were included, totaling 52 075 participants, of which 3813 had T2DM. The pooled prevalence of T2DM was 7.2% (95% CI 5.6% to 8.9%) overall and increased with age. The pooled prevalence was 6.0% (95% CI 4.2% to 8.2%) for impaired fasting glycemia while the prevalence of IGT ranged from 0.9% to 37.0% in women aged 15–24 and 45–54 years, respectively. Substantial heterogeneity across studies was not explained by major studies characteristics such as period of publication, rural/urban setting or whether a study was nationally representative or not.ConclusionThis review highlights the need for interventions to prevent and control diabetes in African women of childbearing age, in view of the significant prevalence of T2DM and prediabetes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015027635

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Systematic review of universal school-based resilience interventions targeting adolescent tobacco, alcohol or illicit drug use: review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004718 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. e004718 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rebecca Kate Hodder ◽

Megan Freund ◽

Luke Wolfenden ◽

Jenny Bowman ◽

Karen Gillham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Drug Use ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

School Based ◽

Review Protocol

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Screening instruments for detecting illicit drug use/abuse that could be useful in general hospital wards: A systematic review

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.07.007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (12) ◽

pp. 1111-1119 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Noreen D. Mdege ◽

Jenny Lang

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Drug Use ◽

General Hospital ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Screening Instruments ◽

Hospital Wards

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Cannabis and Illicit Drug Use During Neurodevelopment and the Associated Structural, Functional and Cognitive Outcomes: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.18349 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer Debenham ◽

Nicola Newton ◽

Louise Birrell ◽

Murat Yücel ◽

Briana Lees ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Drug Use ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Medical Subject Headings ◽

Neuropsychological Development ◽

Assessment Development ◽

Meta Analyses

BACKGROUND High rates of cannabis and illicit drug use are experienced by young people during the final stages of neurodevelopment (aged 15-24 years), a period characterized by high neuroplasticity. Frequent drug use during this time may interfere with neurophysiological and neuropsychological development pathways, potentially leading to ongoing unfavorable neuroadaptations. The dose-response relationship between illicit drug use, exposure, and individual neurodevelopmental variation is unknown but salient with global shifts in the legal landscape and increasingly liberal attitudes and perceptions of the harm caused by cannabis and illicit drugs. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to synthesize longitudinal studies that investigate the effects of illicit drug use on structural, functional, and cognitive brain domains in individuals under the neural age of adulthood (25 years). This protocol outlines prospective methods that will facilitate an exhaustive review of the literature exploring pre- and post-drug use brain abnormalities arising during neurodevelopment. METHODS Five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Central, and Web of Science) will be systematically searched between 1990 and 2019. The search terms will be a combination of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), with keywords adapted to each database. Study reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and if relevant, study quality will be assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Eligible studies are those that sampled youth exposed to cannabis or illicit drugs and employed neurophysiological or neuropsychological assessment techniques. Studies will be excluded if participants had been clinically diagnosed with any psychiatric, neurological, or pharmacological condition. RESULTS This is an ongoing review. As of February 2020, papers are in full-text screening, with results predicted to be complete by July 2020. CONCLUSIONS Integrating data collected on the three brain domains will enable an assessment of the links between structural, functional, and cognitive brain health across individuals and may support the early detection and prevention of neurodevelopmental harm. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO CRD42020151442; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=151442 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/18349

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