screening instruments
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Author(s):  
Nienke H. van Dokkum ◽  
Sijmen A. Reijneveld ◽  
Judith Th. B. W. de Best ◽  
Marleen Hamoen ◽  
Sanne C. M. te Wierike ◽  
...  

The detection of motor developmental problems, especially developmental coordination disorder, at age 5–6 contributes to early interventions. Here, we summarize evidence on (1) criterion validity of screening instruments for motor developmental problems at age 5–6, and (2) their applicability. We systematically searched seven databases for studies assessing criterion validity of these screening instruments using the M-ABC as reference standard. We applied COSMIN criteria for systematic reviews of screening instruments to describe the correlation between the tests and the M-ABC. We extracted information on correlation coefficients or area under the receiver operating curve, sensitivity and specificity, and applicability in practice. We included eleven studies, assessing eight instruments: three performance-based tests (MAND, MOT 4–6, BFMT) and five questionnaires (DCD-Q, PQ, ASQ-3, MOQ-T-FI, M-ABC-2-C). The quality of seven studies was fair, one was good, and three were excellent. Seven studies reported low correlation coefficients or AUC (<0.70), four did not report these. Sensitivities ranged from 21–87% and specificities from 50–96%, with the MOT4–6 having the highest sensitivity and specificity. The DCD-Q, PQ, ASQ-3, MOQ-T-FI, and M-ABC-2-C scored highest on applicability. In conclusion, none of the instruments were sufficiently valid for motor screening at age 5–6. More research is needed on screening instruments of motor delay at age 5–6.


2022 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 956-963
Author(s):  
Rute Bastardo ◽  
João Pavão ◽  
Ana Isabel Martins ◽  
Anabela G. Silva ◽  
Nelson Pacheco Rocha

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-463
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Larner

ABSTRACT Cognitive screening instruments (CSIs) for dementia and mild cognitive impairment are usually characterized in terms of measures of discrimination such as sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios, but these CSIs also have limitations. Objective: The aim of this study was to calculate various measures of test limitation for commonly used CSIs, namely, misclassification rate (MR), net harm/net benefit ratio (H/B), and the likelihood to be diagnosed or misdiagnosed (LDM). Methods: Data from several previously reported pragmatic test accuracy studies of CSIs (Mini-Mental State Examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination, Six-item Cognitive Impairment Test, informant Ascertain Dementia 8, Test Your Memory test, and Free-Cog) undertaken in a single clinic were reanalyzed to calculate and compare MR, H/B, and the LDM for each test. Results: Some CSIs with very high sensitivity but low specificity for dementia fared poorly on measures of limitation, with high MRs, low H/B, and low LDM; some had likelihoods favoring misdiagnosis over diagnosis. Tests with a better balance of sensitivity and specificity fared better on measures of limitation. Conclusions: When deciding which CSI to administer, measures of test limitation as well as measures of test discrimination should be considered. Identification of CSIs with high MR, low H/B, and low LDM, may have implications for their use in clinical practice.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Lisa Eilerts ◽  
Sarah Schröer ◽  
Sarah Wissen ◽  
Wolfgang Mayer-Berger ◽  
Claudia Pieper

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In der stationären kardiologischen Rehabilitation werden Patienten idealerweise nach psychosozialen Risikofaktoren gescreent und psychologisch betreut. Herzbezogene Ängste bei kardiologischen Erkrankungen können die Lebensqualität erheblich beeinträchtigen und sowohl die Prognose des Krankheitsverlaufs als auch die soziale und berufliche Teilhabe beeinflussen. Aufgrund der Diskrepanz zwischen der, in der Literatur berichteten, Prävalenz der Herzangst und dem, durch die Patienten in der Klinik Roderbirken geäußerten Bedarf an psychologischer Betreuung, vermuteten die Autoren, dass ein Teil der Patienten diesen Bedarf nicht selbständig äußert. Ziel der Studie war es, diese Patienten durch ein einfaches Screening-Instrument zu identifizieren, um ihnen eine adäquate psychologische Betreuung anzubieten und dadurch die Rehabilitationsziele, darunter den Erhalt der Erwerbsfähigkeit, zu sichern. Methode Die vorliegenden Daten wurden in einer monozentrischen Querschnittsstudie in der Rehabilitationsklinik Roderbirken, Leichlingen, NRW, erhoben. Die Patienten wurden einmalig mit einem standardisierten Fragebogen, bestehend aus dem Herzangstfragebogen, der Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale und der Skala I des Screening-Instruments Beruf und Arbeit in der Rehabilitation befragt. Soziodemographische und klinische Daten wurden aus dem Kliniksystem ergänzt. Die Auswertung der Daten erfolgte mithilfe deskriptiv-statistischer und regressionsanalytischer Verfahren. Ein Ethikvotum liegt vor. Ergebnisse Nach Bereinigung des Datensatzes konnten 507 Patienten in die Analyse eingeschlossen werden (82,6% Männer, mittleres Alter gesamt 54,4±7,1 Jahre). Von diesen meldeten 40,0% einen Bedarf an psychologischer Betreuung an. Bei 15,7% aller Patienten lag eine Herzangst nach dem Herzangstfragebogen vor, von denen wiederum 59,0% einen Bedarf an psychologischer Betreuung anmeldeten. Es zeigte sich, dass insbesondere Patienten mit diagnostizierten psychischen Erkrankungen Betreuungsbedarf äußerten (57,6 vs. 0,7%; p<0,05). Die subjektive Erwerbsprognose war mit Herzangst und mit der Depressionssymptomatik nach Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale assoziiert (je p<0,001), des Weiteren mit der Ausbildung und dem beruflichen Status. Diskussion Die Ergebnisse der Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen und die Betrachtung sozioökonomischer sowie klinischer Patientencharakteristika geben Hinweise auf ein Bedarfsprofil hinsichtlich des psychologischen Betreuungsbedarfs und eine negative subjektive Erwerbsprognose. Schlussfolgerung Ein Screening mit der Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ist geeignet, um die Identifizierung nicht geäußerter psychologischer Betreuungsbedarfe und damit die Zielerreichung der beruflichen Reintegration in der kardiologischen Rehabilitation zu unterstützen.


2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 702-705
Author(s):  
Naomi Ennis ◽  
Margaret Anton ◽  
Olivia Bravoco ◽  
Leigh Ridings ◽  
Josh Hunt ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Lila Adana Díaz ◽  
Andrea Arango ◽  
César Parra ◽  
Alberto Rodríguez-Lorenzana ◽  
Tarquino Yacelga-Ponce

<b><i>Background:</i></b> One of the most marked problems in the use of screening instruments for the diagnosis of dementia or cognitive impairment in the elderly is the influence of educational level on the results of psychometric tests. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire is one of the most widely used dementia screening instruments internationally and with greater proven validity. There is a version of this instrument called MoCA “Basic” which was developed to reduce education bias. The aim of the study was to compare the psychometric characteristics of the MoCA, full versus basic, versions in older adults. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Participants (<i>N</i> = 214) completed both versions of the MoCA, and screening measures to corroborate their health status. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Internal consistency was satisfactory in both versions: MoCA full (0.79) and MoCA basic (0.76). The overall correlation between both tests was high (0.73). There was no relationship between the dimensions included in each version. Educational level and age explained 33.8% of the total variance in MoCA Full and 31.8% in MoCA Basic. Among educational levels, there are statistically significant differences in participants with &#x3c;6 years of education. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results confirm that both versions are reliable instruments and also show that in both versions the educational level of &#x3c;6 years of education continues to have an impact on performance. Therefore, it can be considered that the MoCA Basic version for the Ecuadorian population with &#x3c;6 years of education continues to imply literacy competencies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 101461
Author(s):  
Stephany Fulda ◽  
Richard P. Allen ◽  
Christopher J. Earley ◽  
Birgit Högl ◽  
Diego Garcia-Borreguero ◽  
...  

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