Neural Correlates of Alcohol Use Disorder Severity among Non‐Treatment Seeking Heavy Drinkers: An Examination of the Incentive Salience and Negative Emotionality Domains of the Alcohol and Addiction Research Domain Criteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kareem Al‐Khalil ◽  
Kishore Vakamudi ◽  
Katie Witkiewitz ◽  
Eric D. Claus
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Incentive Salience ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Research Domain

scholarly journals Inclusion of Cannabis Users in Alcohol Research Samples: Screening In, Screening Out, and Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-423
Author(s):  
Alexandra Venegas ◽  
Lindsay R Meredith ◽  
Ziva D Cooper ◽  
Brandon Towns ◽  
Lara A Ray
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heavy Drinkers

Abstract Background Alcohol and cannabis are frequently co-used, as 20–50% of those who drink alcohol report co-using cannabis. This study is based on the argument that alcohol researchers should enroll cannabis users in human laboratory studies of alcohol use disorder (AUD) to strengthen generalizability. This study examines how heavy drinking cannabis users differ from non-cannabis using heavy drinkers. Methods In a community sample of non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (n = 551, 35% female), cannabis users were identified through: (a) self-reported cannabis use in the past 6 months and (b) positive urine toxicology test for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabis users, identified as described previously, were compared with non-cannabis users on demographic and clinical characteristics. Results Those who endorsed cannabis use in the past 6 months reported more binge drinking days. Participants who tested positive for THC had higher Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test scores and more binge drinking days. Younger age and being a tobacco smoker were associated with an increased likelihood of cannabis use in the past 6 months, whereas male gender and being a tobacco use were associated with a greater likelihood of testing positive for THC. Individuals with cannabis use disorder (CUD) endorsed more depression and anxiety and had higher AUD symptom counts than cannabis users without CUD. Conclusions The inclusion of cannabis users in AUD samples allows for increased clinical severity. Excluding cannabis users from AUD studies may limit representativeness and expend unnecessary study resources. Lastly, tobacco use may explain a large portion of the effects of cannabis use on sample characteristics. Short Summary Alcohol and cannabis are frequently co-used substances. In a sample of non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (n = 551, 35% female), cannabis users reported higher alcohol use and higher likelihood of tobacco use than non-cannabis users. Including cannabis users in alcohol research studies will improve representativeness and likely increase clinical severity.

DSM-5 alcohol use disorder features among treatment-seeking older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Behrendt ◽  
Barbara Braun ◽  
Randi Bilberg ◽  
Gerhard Bühringer ◽  
Michael Bogenschutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Gender ◽  
International Multicenter

Abstract. Background: The number of older adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD) is expected to rise. Adapted treatments for this group are lacking and information on AUD features in treatment seeking older adults is scarce. The international multicenter randomized-controlled clinical trial “ELDERLY-Study” with few exclusion criteria was conducted to investigate two outpatient AUD-treatments for adults aged 60+ with DSM-5 AUD. Aims: To add to 1) basic methodological information on the ELDERLY-Study by providing information on AUD features in ELDERLY-participants taking into account country and gender, and 2) knowledge on AUD features in older adults seeking outpatient treatment. Methods: baseline data from the German and Danish ELDERLY-sites (n=544) were used. AUD diagnoses were obtained with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, alcohol use information with Form 90. Results: Lost control, desired control, mental/physical problem, and craving were the most prevalent (> 70 %) AUD-symptoms. 54.9 % reported severe DSM-5 AUD (moderate: 28.2 %, mild: 16.9 %). Mean daily alcohol use was 6.3 drinks at 12 grams ethanol each. 93.9 % reported binging. More intense alcohol use was associated with greater AUD-severity and male gender. Country effects showed for alcohol use and AUD-severity. Conclusion: European ELDERLY-participants presented typical dependence symptoms, a wide range of severity, and intense alcohol use. This may underline the clinical significance of AUD in treatment-seeking seniors.

Using Machine Learning to Classify Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder Based on Treatment Seeking Status

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary R. Lee ◽  
Vignesh Sankar ◽  
Aaron Hammer ◽  
William G. Kennedy ◽  
Jennifer J. Barb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Treatment Seeking

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Trajectories Among Non–Treatment-Seeking Heavy Drinkers

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Witkiewitz ◽  
Ronda L Dearing ◽  
Stephen A Maisto
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Alcohol Use Trajectories

scholarly journals Familial association of abstinent remission from alcohol use disorder in first-degree relatives of alcohol-dependent treatment-seeking probands

Addiction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1909-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivia V. McCutcheon ◽  
Marc A. Schuckit ◽  
John R. Kramer ◽  
Grace Chan ◽  
Howard J. Edenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Familial Association ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

scholarly journals Neuroclinical Framework for the Role of Stress in Addiction

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 247054701769814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Kwako ◽  
George F. Koob
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Stress Component ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Research Domain

Addiction has been conceptualized as a three-stage cycle— binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation—that worsens over time and involves allostatic changes in hedonic function via changes in the brain reward and stress systems. Using the withdrawal/negative affect stage and negative reinforcement as an important source of motivation for compulsive drug seeking, we outline the neurobiology of the stress component of the withdrawal/negative affect stage and relate it to a derivative of the Research Domain Criteria research construct for the study of psychiatric disease, known as the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment. Using the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment, we outline five subdomains of negative emotional states that can be operationally measured in human laboratory settings and paralleled by animal models. We hypothesize that a focus on negative emotionality and stress is closely related to the acute neurobiological alterations that are experienced in addiction and may serve as a bridge to a reformulation of the addiction nosology to better capture individual differences in patients for whom the withdrawal/negative affect stage drives compulsive drug taking.

scholarly journals Hypothesizing High Negative Emotionality as a Function of Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Testing in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Blum ◽  
Richard Green ◽  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Luis Llanos-Gomez ◽  
David Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Addiction Risk
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