Are Family Physical Activity Habits Passed on to Their Children?

Studies of the familial association of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) have increased in recent years. However, there is a lack of studies that have objectively examined the correlates between parents, grandparents, and childrens' PA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure PA using accelerometers to determine the extent to which PA and SB correlate among parents, grandparents, and children. A sample of 169 children between 11–14 years (77 boys and 97 girls), 225 parents (98 males and 127 females) and 52 grandparents (16 males and 36 females) were recruited for the current study. Accelerometers RM42 (UKK Terveyspalvelut Oy, Tampere, Finland) were used to determine PA levels of children, parents and grandparents. Epoch was set to 1 s. Mothers' moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was associated with children's MVPA (p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, BMI (child), and educational status, the results remain the same. Results of linear regression analyses for boys' sedentary time showed that fathers' sedentary time was significantly associated with boys (p < 0.01), but not with girls. The association of grandmothers' and grandfathers' MVPA activity with that of children showed that grandparents' MVPA, when adjusted for age, BMI, and educational status, was not a significant predictor (p > 0.05) of children's MVPA (total sample). In contrast, grandfathers' sedentary behavior was a significant predictor (β = 0.269; p < 0.05) of children's sedentary behavior (total sample). The results of the current study suggest that parental involvement in PA, particularly by mothers, is important for children's PA and, accordingly, healthy outcomes.

632 Family History of Children Diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Introduction Limited evidence suggests a familial association of OSA. It is not known how often children who require positive airway pressure (PAP) devices have a family member with OSA or that requires PAP. It is felt that PAP adherence in children is affected by PAP adherence in parents. We wanted to explore the relationship of OSA in children requiring PAP to OSA in immediate family members as well as the association of obesity and adherence between children and family members. Methods Caregivers of children who utilize PAP devices at home were invited to complete an electronic questionnaire regarding family history of OSA. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize results. Results The study was completed by 75 participants. The majority of children were male (64%, 48/75), black (47%, 35/75) and non-Hispanic (88%, 66/75). The mean age was 11.8 years (median 13) and mean BMI was 32.8 (median 29.8). The mean AHI on the diagnostic polysomnogram was 28.4 events per hour (median 15.3). Mean adherence to PAP > 4 hours per night was 56.5 (Median 68.2). Most, 87% (65/75), have other underlying medical problems. Twenty-four percent (18/75) have a biological father with OSA of whom 61% (11/18) are considered moderately/extremely obese. Of mothers, 13% (10/75) have OSA and 70% (7/10) are obese. Overall, 29% (22/75) had either a paternal (11%, 8/75) or maternal (19%, 14/75) grandfather with OSA of which 36% (8/22) are obese. For grandmothers, 31% (23/75) have OSA and 22% (5/23) are obese with more being paternal (19%, 14/75) compared to maternal (12%, 9/75). Of the 73 total family members reported to have OSA, 86% (63/73) use PAP and most (65%, 41/63) use it for > 4 hours every night. Few participants had siblings with OSA. Conclusion There were more fathers with OSA than mothers, but mothers were reported to be obese more often. Grandparents were reported to have OSA but were reported to be obese less often than parents. Maternal grandparents with OSA were reported to be obese more than paternal grandparents. The majority of family members with OSA who use CPAP report nightly use. Support (if any):

Two Cases of Possible Familial Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in a Family with Extensive History of Cancer

CML is defined by the presence of an oncogenic fusion protein caused by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9q and 22q. While our molecular understanding of CML pathogenesis has revolutionized drug development for this disease, we have yet to identify many predisposing factors for CML. Familial occurrence of CML has been rarely reported. Here, we describe 2 cases of CML in a 24-year-old woman and in her 73-year-old maternal great aunt. We describe genetic variants in these patients and report on their environmental exposures that may have contributed to CML pathogenesis. The possible familial association of these 2 cases of CML warrants further investigation into more definitive etiologies of this disease.

An Exploratory Case Study of Non-Entrepreneurs (Thematic Analysis)

Non-entrepreneur refers to a person who is non-actor and absent from entrepreneurial actions and not making intention towards entrepreneurship. An exploratory case study method (Yin, 2014) was used to carry out the research. Unstructured interviews were conducted with four non-entrepreneurs and field notes were written down on the notebook with the pencil to save the data. Thematic analysis was applied to the text to reach the important themes deducted from views and perceptions of the participants. Finding of the study depicted that lack of personal intention and will, lack of knowledge and information about entrepreneurship, lack of understanding the entrepreneurship, no familial association with business, family involvement in the selection of career and education were major impediments. In the end, important implications were drawn i.e. seminars and conferences must be conducted to overcome the hurdles of lacking the understanding of entrepreneurship.

Small vessel vasculitis

Small vessel vasculitis is vasculitis affecting predominately small intraparenchymal arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and venules. There are two main types: antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated and immune complex mediated. The ANCA associated vasculitides are discussed in chapter 19.3 IgA vasculitis (IgAV) was formerly known as Henoch Schönlein purpura. The revised nomenclature reflects the importance of IgA vasculitis in pathogenesis. The Chapel Hill Consensus Conference defined IgA vasculitis as ‘vasculitis with IgA1-dominant immune deposits, affecting small vessels (predominantly capillaries, venules, or arterioles)’. IgA vasculitis often involves skin and gut, and frequently causes arthritis. Glomerulonephritis indistinguishable from IgA nephropathy may occur. Its aetiology is unknown, but it frequently occurs after an infection several days to weeks before. The most frequently isolated organism is beta-haemolytic streptococcus. Drugs such as a penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been reported as precipitating agents. There is an association with HLA-DRB1*01 in Caucasians and there appears to be a familial association.

The study on association of co-morbidities in female patients with vitiligo

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder of skin characterized by the presence of depigmented patches and macules. Vitiligo has been found to be associated with certain autoimmune diseases like diabetes and hypothyroidism. This study is done to evaluate the association of certain co-morbidities with vitiligo in female patients. The aim of the study was to assess the association of vitiligo with co-morbidities in female vitiligo patients and to find the familial association.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Retrospective hospital-based study done over a period of 6 months.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In this study series of 75 cases, 19% of cases were associated with hypertension, 25% were associated with diabetes mellitus, 15% were associated with hypothyroidism and positive family history was noted in 17% patients. The mean age of presentation was 43.18.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We found a high association of co-morbidities among female patients with vitiligo. In our study, diabetes has been found to be more commonly associated with vitiligo than other comorbidities. Hence screening for co-morbidities should be considered in vitiligo patients.</p>