Evaluating the impact of preferential trade agreement on fishery imports: An application of difference‐in‐differences with matching method

This research discusses the railway cooperation between Indonesia and Bangladesh which is motivated by the interest of Bangladesh to revitalize railways and increase the domestic demand for railways. This research aims to find out why the Indonesia-Bangladesh cooperation in the railway sector has a significant impact on the formation of the Indonesia Bangladesh Preferential Trade Agreement (IB-PTA) in 2018. This research using interview and literature study methods. The theory used in this research is the theory of interdependence and economic integration. The conclusion of this research is that the Indonesia-Bangladesh railroad cooperation has a significant impact, causing a sense of mutual dependence. The two countries finally agreed to form economic integration in the form of PTA in order to improve the economies of each country.

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PEMANFAATAN KERJA SAMA INDONESIA-JEPANG ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (IJEPA) DAN INDONESIA – PAKISTAN PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT (IPPTA)

Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan ◽

10.30908/bilp.v12i2.313 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 181-204

Author(s):

Endah Ayu Ningsih ◽

Telisa Aulia Falianty ◽

Fitri Tri Budiarti

Keyword(s):

Trade Balance ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Trade Agreement ◽

Preferential Trade Agreement ◽

Preferential Trade ◽

Economic Partnership Agreement ◽

Economic Partnership ◽

Partnership Agreement

AbstrakPenelitian ini mengevaluasi tingkat pemanfaatan Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) dan Indonesia-Pakistan Preferential Trade Agreement (IPPTA) dalam ekspor dan impor Indonesia ke Jepang dan Pakistan. Tingkat pemanfaatan FTA untuk ekspor menggunakan rasio nilai perdagangan yang termuat dalam Surat Keterangan Asal (SKA) terhadap nilai ekspor ke negara mitra. Sedangkan tingkat pemanfaatan impor menggunakan rasio nilai impor produk yang memenuhi syarat terhadap total impor Indonesia dari negara mitra. Studi ini menemukan bahwa pemanfaatan IJEPA (2012-2016) cenderung menurun. Pada tahun 2016 tingkat pemanfaatan ekspor sebesar 47,2%. Sementara pemanfaatan IPPTA untuk ekspor ke Pakistan mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan sejak diimplementasi tahun 2013 dengan tingkat pemanfaatan ekspor sebesar 72,0% pada tahun 2016. Di sisi impor pemanfaatan IJEPA mencapai 67,7% sementara IPPTA hanya 18,8% (2016). Pemanfaatan impor IJEPA dan IPPTA relatif stagnan, jumlah perusahaan yang menggunakan SKA IJEPA sudah pada level jenuh, sementara pengguna SKA IPPTA masih tumbuh 18,2% per tahun. Bentuk PTA lebih memberikan dampak positif bagi peningkatan ekspor Indonesia ke negara mitra dibandingkan FTA yang komprehensif. Kebijakan melakukan FTA dalam bentuk Economic Partnership perlu disertai dengan kerja sama yang menjamin peningkatan perdagangan yang seimbang antar negara anggota. AbstractThis study aims to address the utilization level of The Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) and Indonesia-Pakistan Preferential Trade Agreement (IPPTA). The level of FTA utilization for exports was measured by the ratio of trade value recorded in the Certificate of Origin (CoO) to Indonesia’s export value to the related country. While the level of utilization of imports was defined by the ratio of the import value of eligible products to Indonesia's total imports from the related country. The study found IJEPA’s utilization during 2012-2016 tended to decrease. In 2016, the level of utilization was about 47.2%. While IPPTA utilization for exports to Pakistan experienced a significant increase since it was implemented in 2013 with a rate of export utilization was 72.0% in 2016. On the import side, the level of utilization under IJEPA reached 67.7% while IPPTA was only 18.8% at the same period. In terms of the imports utilization level of both IJEPA and IPPTA, it was relatively stagnant, while the number of companies utilize IJEPA’s CoO was saturated. In contrast, IPPTA’s CoO users still grew at 18.2% per year. This study concluded PTA provides more positive impact on increasing Indonesia's exports to related countries than comprehensive FTAs. Thus, establishing an FTA in the form of an Economic Partnership needs to be followed with the cooperation that guarantees trade balance within the parties.

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Reaping the benefits of preferential trade agreement : Asian FDI in the Lesotho and Swaziland garment industry

Autrepart ◽

10.3917/autr.069.0111 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Gabriel Tati

Keyword(s):

Trade Agreement ◽

Garment Industry ◽

Preferential Trade Agreement ◽

Preferential Trade

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The Two Noble Kinsmen: Internal and Legal Transparency in the WTO and Their Connection to Preferential and Regional Trade Agreements

British Journal of American Legal Studies ◽

10.1515/bjals-2016-0019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 539-569

Author(s):

Maria Panezi

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Dispute Settlement ◽

Trade Agreement ◽

Trade Agreements ◽

Regional Trade Agreements ◽

Regional Trade ◽

Preferential Trade ◽

Institutional Processes ◽

Multilateral Trading System ◽

The Impact

Abstract The proliferation of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) and Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) has given rise to significant debate on the need to measure, understand and possibly regulate the impact these agreements have on the multilateral trading system under the umbrella of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This article will discuss the two Doha Transparency Mechanisms (legal transparency) regarding regional trade agreements, as they appear in two General Council decisions from 2006 and 2010. I will argue based on a closer look and a consistent interpretation of Paragraph 10 of the Doha Ministerial Declaration that there is another type of transparency that is relevant to the discussion on PTAs/RTAs, namely “internal transparency.” “Internal transparency stricto sensu” highlights the significance of trust in the WTO institutional processes, such as negotiations, decision-making, dispute settlement and trade monitoring that the representatives of developing member states should have in order for the WTO system to function productively. “Internal transparency lato sensu” is introduced in this article as an extension to include any decision-making deficits, exclusionary and asymmetrical outcomes specifically in the area of unchecked Preferential Trade Agreement proliferation. Instead of a conclusion, the article offers some proposals for more a meaningful progress in the WTO with respect to PTAs/RTAs The proposals aim at raising the profile of both legal and internal of transparency and posit that raising the profile of one will inevitably lead in improvements in the other.

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