Adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptomatology among pregnant women

Abstract Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women who are socioeconomically vulnerable. While it is assumed that the impact of ACEs on illicit drug use in pregnancy is reduced among women with higher socioeconomic status (SES), this assumption is not well tested in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on illicit drug use in a community-based sample of pregnant women with middle to high SES. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that collected data from 1,660 women during and after pregnancy in Calgary, Canada between 2008-2011 using mailed surveys. Illicit drug use in pregnancy was self-reported by women at 34-36 weeks gestation. An established scale examined maternal ACEs before 18 years. Logistic regression models and 95% confidence intervals tested associations between maternal ACE scores and illicit drug use in pregnancy. Results: Overall, 3.1% of women in this predominantly married, well-educated, middle and upper middle income sample reported illicit drug use in pregnancy. Women with 2-3 ACEs had more than a two-fold increase, and women with 4 or more ACEs had almost a four-fold increase in illicit drug use in pregnancy, relative to women with 0-1 ACEs after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to child abuse was more consistently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy than exposure to household dysfunction in childhood. Conclusions: Maternal ACEs were common and associated with a moderate increase in the odds of illicit drug use in pregnancy among Canadian women with middle to high SES.

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Adverse Childhood Experiences are Associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women with middle to high socioeconomic status: Findings from the All Our Families Cohort

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33576/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cheryl L. Currie ◽

Suzanne C Tough

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

The Impact ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women who are socioeconomically vulnerable. While it is assumed that the impact of ACEs on illicit drug use is reduced among pregnant women who are well educated and have higher socioeconomic status, this assumption has not been well tested in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on illicit drug use among pregnant women who are well-educated women, have middle to high household incomes, and seeking regular prenatal care. Findings can inform clinicians about potential associations between ACEs and drug use in pregnancy within a population that they are frequently in contact with. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that collected data from 1,680 women during and after pregnancy in Calgary, Canada between 2008-2011 using mailed surveys. Illicit drug use in pregnancy was self-reported by women at 34-36 weeks gestation. An established scale examined maternal ACEs before 18 years. Logistic regression models and 95% confidence intervals tested associations between maternal ACE scores and illicit drug use in pregnancy. Results: Overall, 3.3% of women in this predominantly married, well-educated, middle and upper middle income sample (mean age 31 years) reported illicit drug use in pregnancy. Women with 2-3 ACEs had more than a two-fold increase, and women with 4 or more ACEs had almost a four-fold increase in illicit drug use in pregnancy, relative to women with 0-1 ACEs after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to child abuse was more consistently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy than exposure to household dysfunction in childhood. Conclusions: Findings combine with others to speak to the public health significance of maternal ACEs on substance use among expectant mothers across the socioeconomic spectrum; particularly child abuse. This information, can be used by women and the clinicians serving them, to better understand the role that ACEs could play in their decision to use illicit drugs in pregnancy.

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Risk Factors for Adult Depression: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Personality Functioning

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.594698 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Paula Dagnino ◽

María José Ugarte ◽

Felipe Morales ◽

Sofia González ◽

Daniela Saralegui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Vulnerability Factors ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Personality Functioning ◽

Adult Depression ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

Risks Factors

Background: Depressive disorder is one of the main health problems worldwide. Many risk factors have been associated with this pathology. However, while the association between risks factors and adult depression is well established, the mechanisms behind its impact remains poorly understood. A possible, yet untested explanation is the mediating impact of levels of personality functioning, i.e., impairments with regard to self and interpersonal.Method: Around 162 patients were assessed at the beginning of their therapy, with regard to risk factors, such as sociodemographic, physical, hereditary (Information Form), and adverse childhood experiences (ACE; CTQ). Depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) and personality functioning (OPD-SQ) were also measured. Associations between the related variables as well as other possible covariates were examined by means of zero-order correlations and bootstrapping-based mediation analysis.Results: Of all the risk factors taken into account, level of education and physical illness were associated with depression. On the other hand, the most significant predictor of depressive symptomatology was ACE, and this relationship was mediated by personality functioning. This indicates that patients presenting adverse childhood experiences are more likely to develop deficiencies in personality functioning, which in turn increases their likelihood of developing depressive symptomatology.Conclusion: These results reaffirm the importance of incorporating risk and vulnerability factors such as personality functioning in understanding depression.

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Adverse childhood experiences and HPA axis function in pregnant women

Hormones and Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.04.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 10-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jenna C. Thomas ◽

Chantelle Magel ◽

Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen ◽

Sheri Madigan ◽

Nicole Letourneau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Hpa Axis ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood

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Adverse childhood experiences are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women with middle to high socioeconomic status: findings from the All Our Families Cohort

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03591-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cheryl L. Currie ◽

Suzanne C. Tough

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

The Impact ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women who are socioeconomically vulnerable. While it is assumed that the impact of ACEs on illicit drug use in pregnancy is reduced among women with higher socioeconomic status (SES), this assumption is not well tested in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on illicit drug use in a community-based sample of pregnant women with middle to high SES. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that collected data from 1660 women during and after pregnancy in Calgary, Canada between 2008 and 2011 using mailed surveys. Illicit drug use in pregnancy was self-reported by women at 34–36 weeks gestation. An established scale examined maternal ACEs before 18 years. Logistic regression models and 95% confidence intervals tested associations between maternal ACE scores and illicit drug use in pregnancy. Results Overall, 3.1% of women in this predominantly married, well-educated, middle and upper middle income sample reported illicit drug use in pregnancy. Women with 2–3 ACEs had more than a two-fold increase, and women with 4 or more ACEs had almost a four-fold increase in illicit drug use in pregnancy, relative to women with 0–1 ACEs after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to child abuse was more consistently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy than exposure to household dysfunction in childhood. Conclusions Maternal ACEs were common and associated with a moderate increase in the odds of illicit drug use in pregnancy among Canadian women with middle to high SES.

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