scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences and HPA axis function in pregnant women

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna C. Thomas ◽  
Chantelle Magel ◽  
Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen ◽  
Sheri Madigan ◽  
Nicole Letourneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences, daytime salivary cortisol, and depressive symptoms in early adulthood: a longitudinal genetically informed twin study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Iob ◽  
Jessie R. Baldwin ◽  
Robert Plomin ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Cortisol Levels

AbstractDysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)-axis function might underlie the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression. However, limited research has examined the possible mediating role of the HPA-axis among young people using longitudinal data. Moreover, it remains unclear whether genetic influences could contribute to these associations. Participants were 290 children from the Twins Early Development Study. ACEs were assessed from age 3–11 years. We calculated a cumulative risk score and also derived different ACEs clusters using factor analysis and latent class analysis. HPA-axis activity was indexed by daytime salivary cortisol at age 11. Depressive symptoms were ascertained at age 21. Genetic liability to altered cortisol levels and elevated depressive symptoms was measured using a twin-based method. We performed causal mediation analysis with mixed-effects regression models. The results showed that ACEs cumulative exposure (b = −0.20, p = 0.03), bullying (b = −0.61, p = 0.01), and emotional abuse (b = −0.84, p = 0.02) were associated with lower cortisol levels at age 11. Among participants exposed to multiple ACEs, lower cortisol was related to higher depressive symptoms at age 21 (b = −0.56, p = 0.05). Lower cortisol levels mediated around 10–20% of the total associations of ACEs cumulative exposure, bullying, and dysfunctional parenting/emotional abuse with higher depressive symptoms. Genetic factors contributed to these associations, but the mediation effects of cortisol in the associations of ACEs cumulative exposure (b = 0.16 [0.02–0.34]) and bullying (b = 0.18 [0.01–0.43]) remained when genetic confounding was accounted for. In conclusion, ACEs were linked to elevated depressive symptoms in early adulthood partly through lower cortisol levels in early adolescence, and these relationships were independent of genetic confounding.

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptomatology among pregnant women

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Ångerud ◽  
Eva-Maria Annerbäck ◽  
Tanja Tydén ◽  
Santosh Boddeti ◽  
Per Kristiansson
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women with middle to high socioeconomic status: Findings from the All Our Families Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Currie ◽  
Suzanne C Tough
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women who are socioeconomically vulnerable. While it is assumed that the impact of ACEs on illicit drug use in pregnancy is reduced among women with higher socioeconomic status (SES), this assumption is not well tested in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on illicit drug use in a community-based sample of pregnant women with middle to high SES. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that collected data from 1,660 women during and after pregnancy in Calgary, Canada between 2008-2011 using mailed surveys. Illicit drug use in pregnancy was self-reported by women at 34-36 weeks gestation. An established scale examined maternal ACEs before 18 years. Logistic regression models and 95% confidence intervals tested associations between maternal ACE scores and illicit drug use in pregnancy. Results: Overall, 3.1­­­% of women in this predominantly married, well-educated, middle and upper middle income sample reported illicit drug use in pregnancy. Women with 2-3 ACEs had more than a two-fold increase, and women with 4 or more ACEs had almost a four-fold increase in illicit drug use in pregnancy, relative to women with 0-1 ACEs after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to child abuse was more consistently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy than exposure to household dysfunction in childhood. Conclusions: Maternal ACEs were common and associated with a moderate increase in the odds of illicit drug use in pregnancy among Canadian women with middle to high SES.

scholarly journals Adverse Childhood Experiences are Associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women with middle to high socioeconomic status: Findings from the All Our Families Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Currie ◽  
Suzanne C Tough
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women who are socioeconomically vulnerable. While it is assumed that the impact of ACEs on illicit drug use is reduced among pregnant women who are well educated and have higher socioeconomic status, this assumption has not been well tested in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on illicit drug use among pregnant women who are well-educated women, have middle to high household incomes, and seeking regular prenatal care. Findings can inform clinicians about potential associations between ACEs and drug use in pregnancy within a population that they are frequently in contact with. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that collected data from 1,680 women during and after pregnancy in Calgary, Canada between 2008-2011 using mailed surveys. Illicit drug use in pregnancy was self-reported by women at 34-36 weeks gestation. An established scale examined maternal ACEs before 18 years. Logistic regression models and 95% confidence intervals tested associations between maternal ACE scores and illicit drug use in pregnancy. Results: Overall, 3.3­­­% of women in this predominantly married, well-educated, middle and upper middle income sample (mean age 31 years) reported illicit drug use in pregnancy. Women with 2-3 ACEs had more than a two-fold increase, and women with 4 or more ACEs had almost a four-fold increase in illicit drug use in pregnancy, relative to women with 0-1 ACEs after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to child abuse was more consistently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy than exposure to household dysfunction in childhood. Conclusions: Findings combine with others to speak to the public health significance of maternal ACEs on substance use among expectant mothers across the socioeconomic spectrum; particularly child abuse. This information, can be used by women and the clinicians serving them, to better understand the role that ACEs could play in their decision to use illicit drugs in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women with middle to high socioeconomic status: findings from the All Our Families Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Currie ◽  
Suzanne C. Tough
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women who are socioeconomically vulnerable. While it is assumed that the impact of ACEs on illicit drug use in pregnancy is reduced among women with higher socioeconomic status (SES), this assumption is not well tested in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on illicit drug use in a community-based sample of pregnant women with middle to high SES. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that collected data from 1660 women during and after pregnancy in Calgary, Canada between 2008 and 2011 using mailed surveys. Illicit drug use in pregnancy was self-reported by women at 34–36 weeks gestation. An established scale examined maternal ACEs before 18 years. Logistic regression models and 95% confidence intervals tested associations between maternal ACE scores and illicit drug use in pregnancy. Results Overall, 3.1% of women in this predominantly married, well-educated, middle and upper middle income sample reported illicit drug use in pregnancy. Women with 2–3 ACEs had more than a two-fold increase, and women with 4 or more ACEs had almost a four-fold increase in illicit drug use in pregnancy, relative to women with 0–1 ACEs after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to child abuse was more consistently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy than exposure to household dysfunction in childhood. Conclusions Maternal ACEs were common and associated with a moderate increase in the odds of illicit drug use in pregnancy among Canadian women with middle to high SES.

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