Do common assumptions about the wetland seed bank following invasive plant removal hold true? Divergent outcomes following multi‐year Phragmites australis management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Brenda Rohal ◽  
Carrie Reinhardt Adams ◽  
Laura Kay Reynolds ◽  
Eric Hazelton ◽  
Karin Marie Kettenring
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Removal

Pollinator Visits to Threatened Species Are Restored Following Invasive Plant Removal

2011 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina A. Baskett ◽  
Sarah M. Emery ◽  
Jennifer A. Rudgers
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Removal

scholarly journals Morphological and anatomical comparison of mericarps from different types of umbels of Heracleum sosnowskyi / Sosnovskio barščio skirtingų tipų žiedynų merikarpių morfologinės ir anatominės sandaros palyginamoji analizė

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigita Jurkonienė ◽  
Tautvydas Žalnierius ◽  
Virgilija Gavelienė ◽  
Danguolė Švegždienė ◽  
Laurynas Šiliauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Sem Micrographs ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
Morphometrical Analysis ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Sosnowsky’s hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) mericarps were collected from satellite and stem branch umbels for comparative anatomical investigation. Located near Vilnius city, the habitat of Heracleum sosnowskyi, formerly a natural forest edge has recently been densely occupied by plants of this species. SEM micrographs of abaxial and adaxial surfaces of mericarps obtained from satellite and stem branch umbels of H. sosnowskyi were similar, but morphometrical analysis revealed statistically significant differences in mericarps collected from satellite umbels, which were longer and wider than mericarps from stem branch umbels. The data on longitudinal sections of H. sosnowskyi mericarps clearly showed that embryos of satellite umbels were at later torpedo stage compared to embryos of stem branch umbels, which were at earlier heart stage. These data represent unequal development of the embryos in mericarps from different types of umbels. Such different development can be treated as an adaptation of the invasive plant to occupy the current habitat and survive in the seed bank by allowing the embryo to complete development within a seed and germinate when new conditions permit.

scholarly journals Phragmites Australis Invasion and Herbicide Treatment Changes Freshwater Wetland Carbon Dynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Jennifer Yuckin ◽  
Graham Howell ◽  
Courtney Dawn Robichaud ◽  
Rebecca Campbell Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Carbon Budgets ◽  
Decomposition Rates

Abstract Wetland carbon budgets largely depend on the wetland communities’ relative rate of carbon assimilation and carbon emission. Invasive plants with growth or decomposition patterns that differ from reference plant communities may shift wetland carbon budgets, as may invasive plant suppression efforts. For example, Phragmites australis (European Common Reed), which replaces meadow and cattail marsh in the Laurentian Great Lakes area, has high biomass production and foliar nitrogen, can modify the environment conditions that effect decomposition rates, creates thick stands of slowly decomposing standing dead stems, and is often controlled using broad-spectrum herbicides. Our objectives were to determine if P. australis control efforts in freshwater coastal marshes were sufficient to return net primary productivity, decomposition rates, and environmental conditions to within their pre-invasion range. We find that P. australis invasion had the greatest effect on carbon sequestration when replacing meadow marsh, as opposed to cattail marsh. We conclude that control efforts, one-year post-treatment, dramatically reduce total biomass and carbon assimilation compared to meadow and cattail marsh. However, floating and submersed aquatic vegetation rapidly colonized treated areas, suggesting that continuing plant community recovery may restore the carbon budget in subsequent years.

Invasion by Ammophila arenaria alters soil chemistry, leaving lasting legacy effects on restored coastal dunes in California

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Lorraine S. Parsons ◽  
Benjamin H. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Point Reyes National Seashore ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Controlled Burning ◽  
Point Reyes ◽  
Plant Removal

Abstract Many restoration projects rely on invasive plant removal to restore ecosystems. However, success of restoration efforts relying on invasives removal can be jeopardized, because, in addition to displacing native plants, invasives can also dramatically impact soils. Many studies have documented invasives’ effects on soil chemistry and microbiota. While European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link) is a worldwide invasives problem in coastal dunes outside northern Europe, little attention has been paid to effects of this species on soil chemistry following invasion, even though it establishes persistent, dense monocultures. In our study, we evaluated effects of A. arenaria invasion on soil chemistry of coastal dunes at Point Reyes National Seashore (PRNS); persistence of effects following removal by mechanical or herbicide treatment (legacy effects); and effects of treatment independent of invasion. Dune restoration efforts at PRNS have met with mixed success, especially in herbicide-treated backdunes, where decomposition of dead A. arenaria has been greatly delayed. Based on results, invasion impacted 74% of 19 variables assessed, although there was a significant interaction in many cases with successional status (earlier vs later). Almost 60% of invasion effects persisted after restoration, with legacy effects prevalent in herbicide-treated backdunes where sand deposition from adjacent beaches could not mitigate effects as it could in herbicide-treated foredunes. Mechanical removal — or inversion of invaded surface soils with less-contaminated subsoils — resulted in fewer legacy effects, but more treatment effects, primarily in backdunes. Soil chemistry may decelerate decomposition of A. arenaria due to the limited nitrogen (N) available to enable microbial breakdown of the high carbon(C):N (70.8:1) material, but microbial factors probably play a more important role. Success of restoration at PRNS may not be fully realized until legacy effects are resolved through additional actions such as inoculation with healthy microbiomes or necromass reduction through controlled burning.

scholarly journals Mapping Invasive Phragmites australis Using Unoccupied Aircraft System Imagery, Canopy Height Models, and Synthetic Aperture Radar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3303
Author(s):  
Connor J. Anderson ◽  
Daniel Heins ◽  
Keith C. Pelletier ◽  
Julia L. Bohnen ◽  
Joseph F. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Saginaw Bay ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Aircraft System

Invasive plant species are an increasing worldwide threat both ecologically and financially. Knowing the location of these invasive plant infestations is the first step in their control. Surveying for invasive Phragmites australis is particularly challenging due to limited accessibility in wetland environments. Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are a popular choice for invasive species management due to their ability to survey challenging environments and their high spatial and temporal resolution. This study tested the utility of three-band (i.e., red, green, and blue; RGB) UAS imagery for mapping Phragmites in the St. Louis River Estuary in Minnesota, U.S.A. and Saginaw Bay in Michigan, U.S.A. Iterative object-based image analysis techniques were used to identify two classes, Phragmites and Not Phragmites. Additionally, the effectiveness of canopy height models (CHMs) created from two data types, UAS imagery and commercial satellite stereo retrievals, and the RADARSAT-2 horizontal-horizontal (HH) polarization were tested for Phragmites identification. The highest overall classification accuracy of 90% was achieved when pairing the UAS imagery with a UAS-derived CHM. Producer’s accuracy for the Phragmites class ranged from 3 to 76%, and the user’s accuracies were above 90%. The Not Phragmites class had user’s and producer’s accuracies above 88%. Inclusion of the RADARSAT-2 HH polarization caused a slight reduction in classification accuracy. Commercial satellite stereo retrievals increased commission errors due to decreased spatial resolution and vertical accuracy. The lowest classification accuracy was seen when using only the RGB UAS imagery. UAS are promising for Phragmites identification, but the imagery should be used in conjunction with a CHM.

scholarly journals Invasive species in the soil seed bank of two limestone hills in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Utami Putri ◽  
Ibnul Qayim ◽  
Abdul Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
West Java ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Putri WU, Qayim I, Qadir A. 2021. Invasive species in the soil seed bank of two limestone hills in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4019-4027. Study on the impact of invasive species on plant communities has been conducted mainly on the aboveground vegetation. The impact on the soil seed bank has received less attention mostly due to practical difficulties in conducting seed bank assessment. Evaluation of seed bank composition is useful in detecting invasive plant species that may have been present as buried seeds. Information on the vegetation composition in Nyungcung and Kapur hills both under and aboveground is available, but specific information on invasive species has not been discussed yet. This paper describes and analyzes the structure (composition and density) of invasive species in the soil seed bank. Eighty soil samples were taken from the study sites. The soil seed banks were analyzed using seedling emergence and seed extraction methods. 2602 and 1280 seedlings emerged from soil seed bank of Nyungcung and Kapur hills, respectively. From that number, approximately 48.96% and 68.51% of the seedlings are invasive species in the soil seed bank of Nyungcung and Kapur hills. The invasive species were dominants in the soil seed bank of the two sites. Cecropia peltata and Clidemia hirta were the most abundant invasive species in the Kapur and Nyungcung hills seed bank, respectively. Species richness and seedling density were higher in Nyungcung hills than Kapur hills, which were invaded for a relatively longer period.

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