scholarly journals Feathers, suspicions, and infidelities: an experimental study on parental care and certainty of paternity in the blue tit

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente García-Navas ◽  
Joaquín Ortego ◽  
Esperanza S. Ferrer ◽  
Juan José Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
Certainty Of Paternity

scholarly journals THE MONTESSORI METHOD IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INITIATIVE IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS IN CHILDREN DEPRIVED OF PARENTAL CARE

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diyana Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Montessori Method

The research focus of the article is on exploring the peculiarities of initiative as an important component in communicating early childhood preschoolers deprived of parental care in order to justify and evaluate the effectiveness of using alternative technologies for its development through the application of the Montessori method. For this purpose, an experimental study involving 8 children between the ages of 2 and 3, who were raised in a medical and social home, was conducted. The results reflected the positive effects of choosing the alternative method of improving communication initiative in this marginalized group.

scholarly journals Benefits of extra-pair mating may depend on environmental conditions—an experimental study in the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1809-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Arct ◽  
Szymon M. Drobniak ◽  
Edyta Podmokła ◽  
Lars Gustafson ◽  
Mariusz Cichoń
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

scholarly journals Parental care and offspring survival in Pterostichus anthracinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae): An experimental study

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Felix N. KOLESNIKOV ◽  
Arevik N. KARAMYAN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Offspring Survival

scholarly journals Magpies do not desert after prolonging the parental care period: an experimental study

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1292-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Soler ◽  
T. Perez-Contreras ◽  
L. de Neve
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Care Period

Experimentally induced sex differences in parental care: an effect of certainty of paternity?

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wright ◽  
Peter A. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Certainty Of Paternity ◽  
Experimentally Induced

scholarly journals The trade-off between molt and parental care: a sexual conflict in the blue tit?

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Svensson ◽  
Jan-Åke Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
Trade Off

PARENTAL CARE AND PARENTAGE IN MONOGAMOUS GREAT SPOTTED WOODPECKERS (PICOIDES MAJOR) AND MIDDLE SPOTTED WOODPECKERS (PICOIDES MEDIUS)

Behaviour ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
pp. 1259-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Winkler ◽  
Klaus Michalek
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Brood Care ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Male Investment ◽  
Paternal Effort ◽  
Certainty Of Paternity ◽  
Very High

AbstractPaternal effort is high in some monogamous mating systems. Trivers' (1972) model predicts that high male investment in brood care should evolve only when males have a high certainty of paternity. For this study, we chose two woodpecker species: the great spotted woodpecker (Picoides major) and the middle spotted woodpecker (Picoides medius). Both species were socially monogamous despite a very high breeding density in the study area. We used DNA fingerprinting to determine whether these two species were also genetically monogamous. We found that in great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers paternal effort was high. Multi-locus DNA-fingerprinting showed that its actual paternity was also very high. In P. major all 161 young from 36 broods and in P. medius all 61 young from 13 broods were sired by the male feeding at the nest hole. There were also no cases of intraspecific brood parasitism or quasi parasitism (P. major: 114 chicks from 24 broods; P.medius: 33 chicks from 8 broods). We further found no case of mate switching during the fertile period of the female. Great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers are typical of a group of monogamous nonpasserine birds with high male investment in brood care having low frequencies of EPP. We did not find efficient paternity guards. High certainty of paternity may be explained by paternal care being essential for female reproductive success, as in many seabirds and birds of prey. Females rarely engage in extra-pair copulations probably because they are constrained by male care. Males in both species spend little effort in acquiring mates as well as in extrapair copulations. They expend their reproductive effort in defending territories and in parental care. Females compete intensely with members of their own sex for pair formation before the time of frequent copulation. Choosing and securing a high quality partner is the only possibility to achieve high reproductive success for both sexes.

Confidence of paternity and male parental care: an experimental study in tree swallows

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Whittingham ◽  
Peter O. Dunn ◽  
Raleigh J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Tree Swallows ◽  
Confidence Of Paternity

scholarly journals Evidence of multiple paternity and cooperative parental care in the so called monogamous silver arowana Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Osteoglossiformes: Osteoglossidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Tovar Verba ◽  
José Gurgel Rabello Neto ◽  
Jansen Zuanon ◽  
Izeni Farias
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Parental Contribution ◽  
Certainty Of Paternity

Monogamy is rare in fishes and is usually associated with elaborate parental care. When parental care is present in fishes, it is usually the male that is responsible, and it is believed that there is a relationship between the high energetic investment and the certainty of paternity (except in the case of sneaker males). Osteoglossum bicirrhosum is considered a monogamous fish, and has particular behavioral traits that permit the study of mating systems and parental care, such as male mouthbrooding. We investigated the genetic relationships of males with the broods found in their oral cavities in Osteoglossum samples collected in a natural environment in the lower Purus river basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Fourteen broods were analyzed for parentage (268 young and 14 adult males) using eight microsatellite loci. The results indicate that eleven broods show a monogamous system. In one brood, however, approximately 50% of the young were genetically compatible with being offspring of another male, and in another two broods, none of the subsampled young were compatible with the genotypes of the brooding male. The result of this first brood may be explained by the extra-parental contribution of a sneaker male, whereas cooperative parental care may explain the result in the other two broods.

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