scholarly journals Diversity and phylogenetic community structure across elevation during climate change in a family of hyperdiverse neotropical beetles (Staphylinidae)

Ecography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Dolson ◽  
Elyssa Loewen ◽  
Kelsey Jones ◽  
Shoshanah R. Jacobs ◽  
Angel Solis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Phylogenetic Community Structure

Dissolved oxygen and temperature best predict deep-sea fish community structure in the Gulf of California with climate change implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 159-180
Author(s):  
ND Gallo ◽  
M Beckwith ◽  
CL Wei ◽  
LA Levin ◽  
L Kuhnz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Fish Community Structure ◽  
Explained Variance

Natural gradient systems can be used to examine the vulnerability of deep-sea communities to climate change. The Gulf of California presents an ideal system for examining relationships between faunal patterns and environmental conditions of deep-sea communities because deep-sea conditions change from warm and oxygen-rich in the north to cold and severely hypoxic in the south. The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) remotely operated vehicle (ROV) ‘Doc Ricketts’ was used to conduct seafloor video transects at depths of ~200-1400 m in the northern, central, and southern Gulf. The community composition, density, and diversity of demersal fish assemblages were compared to environmental conditions. We tested the hypothesis that climate-relevant variables (temperature, oxygen, and primary production) have more explanatory power than static variables (latitude, depth, and benthic substrate) in explaining variation in fish community structure. Temperature best explained variance in density, while oxygen best explained variance in diversity and community composition. Both density and diversity declined with decreasing oxygen, but diversity declined at a higher oxygen threshold (~7 µmol kg-1). Remarkably, high-density fish communities were observed living under suboxic conditions (<5 µmol kg-1). Using an Earth systems global climate model forced under an RCP8.5 scenario, we found that by 2081-2100, the entire Gulf of California seafloor is expected to experience a mean temperature increase of 1.08 ± 1.07°C and modest deoxygenation. The projected changes in temperature and oxygen are expected to be accompanied by reduced diversity and related changes in deep-sea demersal fish communities.

scholarly journals Response of ocean phytoplankton community structure to climate change over the 21st century: partitioning the effects of nutrients, temperature and light

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 3941-3959 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Marinov ◽  
S. C. Doney ◽  
I. D. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
Marginal Sea ◽  
Small Phytoplankton ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The response of ocean phytoplankton community structure to climate change depends, among other factors, upon species competition for nutrients and light, as well as the increase in surface ocean temperature. We propose an analytical framework linking changes in nutrients, temperature and light with changes in phytoplankton growth rates, and we assess our theoretical considerations against model projections (1980–2100) from a global Earth System model. Our proposed "critical nutrient hypothesis" stipulates the existence of a critical nutrient threshold below (above) which a nutrient change will affect small phytoplankton biomass more (less) than diatom biomass, i.e. the phytoplankton with lower half-saturation coefficient K are influenced more strongly in low nutrient environments. This nutrient threshold broadly corresponds to 45° S and 45° N, poleward of which high vertical mixing and inefficient biology maintain higher surface nutrient concentrations and equatorward of which reduced vertical mixing and more efficient biology maintain lower surface nutrients. In the 45° S–45° N low nutrient region, decreases in limiting nutrients – associated with increased stratification under climate change – are predicted analytically to decrease more strongly the specific growth of small phytoplankton than the growth of diatoms. In high latitudes, the impact of nutrient decrease on phytoplankton biomass is more significant for diatoms than small phytoplankton, and contributes to diatom declines in the northern marginal sea ice and subpolar biomes. In the context of our model, climate driven increases in surface temperature and changes in light are predicted to have a stronger impact on small phytoplankton than on diatom biomass in all ocean domains. Our analytical predictions explain reasonably well the shifts in community structure under a modeled climate-warming scenario. Climate driven changes in nutrients, temperature and light have regionally varying and sometimes counterbalancing impacts on phytoplankton biomass and structure, with nutrients and temperature dominant in the 45° S–45° N band and light-temperature effects dominant in the marginal sea-ice and subpolar regions. As predicted, decreases in nutrients inside the 45° S–45° N "critical nutrient" band result in diatom biomass decreasing more than small phytoplankton biomass. Further stratification from global warming could result in geographical shifts in the "critical nutrient" threshold and additional changes in ecology.

Climate change effects on soil microarthropod abundance and community structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kardol ◽  
W. Nicholas Reynolds ◽  
Richard J. Norby ◽  
Aimée T. Classen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Soil Microarthropod

scholarly journals Plant DNA barcodes and assessment of phylogenetic community structure of a tropical mixed dipterocarp forest in Brunei Darussalam (Borneo)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e0185861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Heckenhauer ◽  
Kamariah Abu Salim ◽  
Mark W. Chase ◽  
Kyle G. Dexter ◽  
R. Toby Pennington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Plant Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Community Structure ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Mixed Dipterocarp Forest

scholarly journals Plant genotype controls wetland soil microbial functioning in response to sea-level rise

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 6133-6146
Author(s):  
Hao Tang ◽  
Susanne Liebner ◽  
Svenja Reents ◽  
Stefanie Nolte ◽  
Kai Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Litter Breakdown ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract. Climate change can strongly alter soil microbial functioning via plant–microbe interactions, often with important consequences for ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling. Given the high degree of intraspecific trait variability in plants, it has been hypothesized that genetic shifts within plant species yield a large potential to control the response of plant–microbe interactions to climate change. Here we examined if sea-level rise and plant genotype interact to affect soil microbial communities in an experimental coastal wetland system, using two known genotypes of the dominant salt-marsh grass Elymus athericus characterized by differences in their sensitivity to flooding stress – i.e., a tolerant genotype from low-marsh environments and an intolerant genotype from high-marsh environments. Plants were exposed to a large range of flooding frequencies in a factorial mesocosm experiment, and soil microbial activity parameters (exo-enzyme activity and litter breakdown) and microbial community structure were assessed. Plant genotype mediated the effect of flooding on soil microbial community structure and determined the presence of flooding effects on exo-enzyme activities and belowground litter breakdown. Larger variability in microbial community structure, enzyme activities, and litter breakdown in soils planted with the intolerant plant genotype supported our general hypothesis that effects of climate change on soil microbial activity and community structure can depend on plant intraspecific genetic variation. In conclusion, our data suggest that adaptive genetic variation in plants could suppress or facilitate the effects of sea-level rise on soil microbial communities. If this finding applies more generally to coastal wetlands, it yields important implications for our understanding of ecosystem–climate feedbacks in the coastal zone.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of phylogenetic community structure: New version of a classical method

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Ricotta ◽  
Eszter EA Ari ◽  
Giuliano Bonanomi ◽  
Francesco Giannino ◽  
Duncan Heathfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Phylogenetic Community Structure ◽  
Point Patterns ◽  
Wide Range

The increasing availability of phylogenetic information facilitates the use of evolutionary methods in community ecology to reveal the importance of evolution in the species assembly process. However, while several methods have been applied to a wide range of communities across different spatial scales with the purpose of detecting non-random phylogenetic patterns, the spatial aspects of phylogenetic community structure have received far less attention. Accordingly, the question for this study is: can point pattern analysis be used for revealing the phylogenetic structure of multi-species assemblages? We introduce a new individual-centered procedure for analyzing the scale-dependent phylogenetic structure of multi-species point patterns based on digitized field data. The method uses nested circular plots with increasing radii drawn around each individual plant and calculates the mean phylogenetic distance between the focal individual and all individuals located in the circular ring delimited by two successive radii. This scale-dependent value is then averaged over all individuals of the same species and the observed mean is compared to a null expectation with permutation procedures. The method detects particular radius values at which the point pattern of a single species exhibits maximum deviation from the expectation towards either phylogenetic aggregation or segregation. Its performance is illustrated using data from a grassland community in Hungary and simulated point patterns. The proposed method can be extended to virtually any distance function for species pairs, such as functional distances.

scholarly journals Climate change and physical disturbance cause similar community shifts in biological soil crusts

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (39) ◽  
pp. 12116-12121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Ferrenberg ◽  
Sasha C. Reed ◽  
Jayne Belnap
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Biological Soil Crusts ◽  
Physical Disturbance ◽  
Precipitation Frequency ◽  
Soil Crusts ◽  
Altered Precipitation

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts)—communities of mosses, lichens, cyanobacteria, and heterotrophs living at the soil surface—are fundamental components of drylands worldwide, and destruction of biocrusts dramatically alters biogeochemical processes, hydrology, surface energy balance, and vegetation cover. Although there has been long-standing concern over impacts of physical disturbances on biocrusts (e.g., trampling by livestock, damage from vehicles), there is increasing concern over the potential for climate change to alter biocrust community structure. Using long-term data from the Colorado Plateau, we examined the effects of 10 y of experimental warming and altered precipitation (in full-factorial design) on biocrust communities and compared the effects of altered climate with those of long-term physical disturbance (>10 y of replicated human trampling). Surprisingly, altered climate and physical disturbance treatments had similar effects on biocrust community structure. Warming, altered precipitation frequency [an increase of small (1.2 mm) summer rainfall events], and physical disturbance from trampling all promoted early successional community states marked by dramatic declines in moss cover and increases in cyanobacteria cover, with more variable effects on lichens. Although the pace of community change varied significantly among treatments, our results suggest that multiple aspects of climate change will affect biocrusts to the same degree as physical disturbance. This is particularly disconcerting in the context of warming, as temperatures for drylands are projected to increase beyond those imposed as treatments in our study.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic community structure reveals differences in plant community assembly of an oligotrophic white-sand ecosystem from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Gastauer ◽  
Amílcar W. Saporetti-Junior ◽  
Fernando Valladares ◽  
João A. A. Meira-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Phylogenetic Community Structure ◽  
Plant Community Assembly

Effects of climate change on species distribution, community structure, and conservation of birds in protected areas in Colombia

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Velásquez-Tibatá ◽  
Paul Salaman ◽  
Catherine H. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Species Distribution
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document