Plant composition, not richness, drives occurrence of specialist herbivores

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Knuff ◽  
Michael Staab ◽  
Julian Frey ◽  
Jan Helbach ◽  
Alexandra‐Maria Klein
Keyword(s):  
Plant Composition ◽  
Specialist Herbivores

Ellagitannins from the Onagraceae Decrease the Performance of Generalist and Specialist Herbivores

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Anstett ◽  
Iris Cheval ◽  
Caitlyn D’Souza ◽  
Juha-Pekka Salminen ◽  
Marc T. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Specialist Herbivores ◽  
Generalist And Specialist Herbivores

scholarly journals Environmental associations ofHesperia dacotae(Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey M. Seidle ◽  
Eric G. Lamb ◽  
Angela Bedard-Haughn ◽  
Jean-Michel DeVink
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Plant Composition ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Mixed Grass Prairie ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Soil Climate ◽  
Main Factor

AbstractThe Dakota skipper,Hesperia dacotae(Skinner, 1911) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), is an at-risk butterfly that inhabits mesic mixed-grass prairie. Loss of native prairie is the main factor driving declines in Dakota skipper abundance. Currently, there is little knowledge on the environmental and habitat requirements of Saskatchewan, Canada populations. Our objective was to determine environmental associations of Dakota skipper in Saskatchewan through landscape, vegetation, soil, climate, microclimate, and Hesperiidae butterfly occupancy. Data collection was conducted in 2015 and 2016; a total of 46 sites were surveyed; nine of these were Dakota skipper positive (i.e., present) sites and 37 were negative (i.e., non-detected) sites. Results indicate that plant composition is not a significant predictor of Dakota skipper presence, but three plant species are significantly associated with the species;Pediomelum argophyllum(Pursh) Grimes (Fabaceae),Zizia aptera(Gray) Fernald (Apiaceae), andSchizachyrium scoparium(Michaux) Nash (Poaceae). No soil or climate variables were significant predictors of Dakota skipper presence; however it is significantly associated with steep slopes. Warmer maximum and average ground-level temperatures are also associated with Dakota skipper presence. Findings indicate that additional Dakota skipper populations are likely in Saskatchewan and future targeted surveys will allow for a full evaluation of the distribution of this species and conservation status.

scholarly journals Successional changes in plant composition over 15 years in a created wetland in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deokjoo Son ◽  
Hyohyemi Lee ◽  
Kang-Hyun Cho ◽  
Jeong Hwan Bang ◽  
Oh-Byung Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Plant Composition ◽  
Created Wetland

scholarly journals Interactive effect matters: a combination of herbivory degree and the ratio of generalist to specialist better predicts evolution of plant defense

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanfei Pan ◽  
Xiaoyun Pan ◽  
Lucas Del Bianco Faria ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Generalist Herbivore ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Specialist Herbivores ◽  
Latitudinal Patterns

Herbivory degree and the ratio of generalist to specialist herbivores have long been treated as two important but independent factors in shaping the evolution of plant defense. However, this assumption of independency is poorly supported and has resulted in great controversy in explaining the patterns of plant defense. Here we investigated the possible interaction between herbivory degree and generalist-to-specialist ratio using a cost-benefit model of defense evolution in plants. Our results showed that, with increasing generalist herbivore proportion, plant defense investment increases when herbivory degree is low and decreases when herbivory degree is high. These results provide the first theoretical support for the interactive effect of herbivory degree and ratio of generalist/specialist affecting plant defense, which integrate many of the previous results (e.g. latitudinal patterns of plant defense and defense evolution of invasive plants) and put them into a more general theoretical context.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Services and Disservices of Vegetation in Recreational Urban Blue-Green Spaces—Some Recommendations for Greenery Shaping

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Agata Ćwik ◽  
Tomasz Wójcik ◽  
Maria Ziaja ◽  
Magdalena Wójcik ◽  
Katarzyna Kluska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Plant Composition ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
The City ◽  
Main Attraction

Urban water bodies are an important asset in terms of climate change. The accompanying vegetation is an integral part of the waterside space system and a source of ecosystem services and disservices. The composition of greenery in waterside spaces should therefore be preceded by detailed research. This research would be the basis for the development of recommendations for enhancement of the positive impact of vegetation on humans and minimisation of its negative effect. The aim of the study was to identify ecosystem services and disservices of vegetation in the four most important waterside recreation spaces in the city of Rzeszów, Poland, and to develop plant composition guidelines. A detailed inventory of vegetation and aerobiological monitoring of the presence of airborne allergenic pollen grains and fungal spores were carried out. Next, the ecosystem services and disservices of the vegetation were determined based on literature data and on our expert judgement. Additionally, a counting of the number of visitors to waterside areas was conducted. All these steps were used to develop recommendations for shaping the vegetation of study areas. The results of the investigations show that the boulevards along the artificial lake function completely differently than other investigated places as the area resembles an urban park, and the water is not the main attraction in this space. The vegetation of the boulevards and the nearby gravel-pit bathing area has mostly a spontaneous character and offers the widest range of ecosystem services and disservices. The management of the vegetation should focus on its health-enhancing values. The vegetation growing near the outdoor swimming pools has been designed by man. Nevertheless, it requires recomposing and is targeted specifically at the enhancement of the visual attractiveness. Additionally, there is a need for planting compact deciduous trees that will provide shade at the multi-media fountain.

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