Geographic structure in metabolome and herbivore community co-occurs with genetic structure in plant defence genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Bernhardsson ◽  
Kathryn M. Robinson ◽  
Ilka N. Abreu ◽  
Stefan Jansson ◽  
Benedicte R. Albrectsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Herbivore Community ◽  
Plant Defence Genes

Regulation of the expression of plant defence genes

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bol ◽  
A. S. Buchel ◽  
M. Knoester ◽  
T. Baladin ◽  
L. C. Van Loon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Plant Defence Genes

Identification of plant defence genes in canola usingArabidopsiscDNA microarrays

Plant Biology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Schenk ◽  
S. R. Thomas-Hall ◽  
A. V. Nguyen ◽  
J. M. Manners ◽  
K. Kazan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Plant Defence Genes

Transcriptional activation of plant defence genes by short-term air pollutant stress

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bahl ◽  
Stephan Marcel Loitsch ◽  
Günter Kahl
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Plant Defence Genes

Organization, Structure and Activation of Plant Defence Genes

1986 ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Ryder ◽  
J. N. Bell ◽  
C. L. Cramer ◽  
S. L. Dildine ◽  
C. Grand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Plant Defence Genes

Transcription of plant defence genes in response to UV light or fungal elicitor

Nature ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 311 (5981) ◽  
pp. 76-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Chappell ◽  
Klaus Hahlbrock
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Fungal Elicitor ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Plant Defence Genes

scholarly journals Plant-mediated interactions between a vector and a non-vector herbivore promote the spread of a plant virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1911) ◽  
pp. 20191383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Chisholm ◽  
Sanford D. Eigenbrode ◽  
Robert E. Clark ◽  
Saumik Basu ◽  
David W. Crowder
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Managed Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Defence Genes ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

Herbivores that transmit plant pathogens often share hosts with non-vector herbivores. These co-occurring herbivores can affect vector fitness and behaviour through competition and by altering host plant quality. However, few studies have examined how such interactions may both directly and indirectly influence the spread of a plant pathogen. Here, we conducted field and greenhouse trials to assess whether a defoliating herbivore ( Sitona lineatus ) mediated the spread of a plant pathogen, Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), by affecting the fitness and behaviour of Acrythosiphon pisum , the PEMV vector. We observed higher rates of PEMV spread when infectious A. pisum individuals shared hosts with S. lineatus individuals. Using structural equation models, we showed that herbivory from S. lineatus increased A. pisum fitness, which stimulated vector movement and PEMV spread. Moreover, plant susceptibility to PEMV was indirectly enhanced by S. lineatus , which displaced A. pisum individuals to the most susceptible parts of the plant. Subsequent analyses of plant defence genes revealed considerable differences in plant phytohormones associated with anti-herbivore and anti-pathogen defence when S. lineatus was present. Given that vectors interact with non-vector herbivores in natural and managed ecosystems, characterizing how such interactions affect pathogens would greatly enhance our understanding of disease ecology.

A rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola-resistant mutant rice line shows early expression of plant-defence genes

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoranjan Dash ◽  
Vishal Singh Somvanshi ◽  
Roli Budhwar ◽  
Jeffrey Godwin ◽  
Rohit N. Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Rice Line ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Early Expression ◽  
Plant Defence Genes

Regulation of the expression of plant defence genes

1996 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
J. F. Bol ◽  
A. S. Buchel ◽  
M. Knoester ◽  
T. Baladin ◽  
L. C. Van Loon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Plant Defence Genes

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome and histological analyses of wheat in response to phytotoxic aphid Schizaphis graminum and non-phytotoxic aphid Sitobion avenae feeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yu Fu ◽  
Jia Fan ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Frédéric Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Abstract Background Infestation of the phytotoxic aphid Schizaphis graminum can rapidly induce leaf chlorosis in susceptible plants, but this effect is not observed with the nonphytotoxic aphid Sitobion avenae. However, few studies have attempted to identify the different defence responses induced in wheat by S. graminum and S. avenae feeding and the mechanisms underlying the activation of chlorosis by S. graminum feeding. Results S. graminum feeding significantly reduced the chlorophyll content of wheat leaves, and these effects were not observed with S. avenae. A transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression levels of genes involved in the salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene signalling defence pathways were significantly upregulated by both S. avenae and S. graminum feeding; however, more plant defence genes were activated by S. graminum feeding than S. avenae feeding. The transcript levels of genes encoding cell wall-modifying proteins were significantly increased after S. graminum feeding, but only a few of these genes were induced by S. avenae. Furthermore, various reactive oxygen species-scavenging genes, such as 66 peroxidase (POD) and 8 ascorbate peroxidase (APx) genes, were significantly upregulated after S. graminum feeding, whereas only 15 POD and one APx genes were induced by S. avenae feeding. The activity of four antioxidant enzymes was also significantly upregulated by S. graminum feeding. Cytological examination showed that S. graminum feeding induced substantial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in wheat leaves. The chlorosis symptoms and the loss of chlorophyll observed in wheat leaves after S. graminum feeding were reduced and inhibited by the scavenging of H2O2 by dimethylthiourea, which indicated that H2O2 plays important role in the induction of chlorosis by S. graminum feeding. Conclusions S. graminum and S. avenae feeding induces the JA, SA and ET signalling pathways, but S. graminum activated stronger plant defence responses than S. avenae. S. graminum feeding triggers strong ROS-scavenging activity and massive H2O2 production in wheat leaves, and the accumulation of H2O2 induced by S. graminum feeding is involved in the activation of chlorosis in wheat leaves. These results enhance our understanding of mechanisms underlying aphid-wheat interactions and provide clues for the development of aphid-resistant wheat varieties.

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