scholarly journals Smartphone‐derived keystroke dynamics are sensitive to relevant changes in multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka‐Hoo Lam ◽  
James Twose ◽  
Hannah McConchie ◽  
Giovanni Licitra ◽  
Kim Meijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Keystroke Dynamics

scholarly journals Real-world keystroke dynamics are a potentially valid biomarker for clinical disability in multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852096879
Author(s):  
KH Lam ◽  
KA Meijer ◽  
FC Loonstra ◽  
EME Coerver ◽  
J Twose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Keystroke Dynamics ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Clinical Measures

Background: Clinical measures in multiple sclerosis (MS) face limitations that may be overcome by utilising smartphone keyboard interactions acquired continuously and remotely during regular typing. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of keystroke dynamics to assess clinical aspects of MS. Methods: In total, 102 MS patients and 24 controls were included in this observational study. Keyboard interactions were obtained with the Neurokeys keyboard app. Eight timing-related keystroke features were assessed for reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs); construct validity by analysing group differences (in fatigue, gadolinium-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and patients vs controls); and concurrent validity by correlating with disability measures. Results: Reliability was moderate in two (ICC = 0.601 and 0.742) and good to excellent in the remaining six features (ICC = 0.760–0.965). Patients had significantly higher keystroke latencies than controls. Latency between key presses correlated the highest with Expanded Disability Status Scale ( r = 0.407) and latency between key releases with Nine-Hole Peg Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (ρ = 0.503 and r = −0.553, respectively), ps < 0.001. Conclusion: Keystroke dynamics were reliable, distinguished patients and controls, and were associated with clinical disability measures. Consequently, keystroke dynamics are a promising valid surrogate marker for clinical disability in MS.

Early-warning signals for disease activity in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis based on keystroke dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 113133
Author(s):  
J. Twose ◽  
G. Licitra ◽  
H. McConchie ◽  
K. H. Lam ◽  
J. Killestein
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Keystroke Dynamics ◽  
Warning Signals ◽  
Early Warning Signals

Management of Multiple Sclerosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Francois A. Bethoux
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis

Microglia-derived macrophages in early multiple sclerosis plaques

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Li ◽  
M. L. Cuzner ◽  
J. Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis
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