Thermal diversity of North American ant communities: Cold tolerance but not heat tolerance tracks ecosystem temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1486-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Bujan ◽  
Karl A. Roeder ◽  
Kirsten Beurs ◽  
Michael D. Weiser ◽  
Michael Kaspari
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
North American ◽  
Ant Communities ◽  
Thermal Diversity

Cold tolerance is similar but heat tolerance is higher in the alien insect Trichocera maculipennis than in the native Parochlus steinenii in Antarctica

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Pertierra ◽  
P. Escribano-Álvarez ◽  
M. Á. Olalla-Tárraga
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Alien Insect

Arboreality drives heat tolerance while elevation drives cold tolerance in tropical rainforest ants

Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Leahy ◽  
Brett R. Scheffers ◽  
Stephen E. Williams ◽  
Alan N. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Tropical Rainforest

scholarly journals Thermal tolerance patterns across latitude and elevation

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1778) ◽  
pp. 20190036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sunday ◽  
Joanne M. Bennett ◽  
Piero Calosi ◽  
Susana Clusella-Trullas ◽  
Sarah Gravel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Thermal Limits

Linking variation in species' traits to large-scale environmental gradients can lend insight into the evolutionary processes that have shaped functional diversity and future responses to environmental change. Here, we ask how heat and cold tolerance vary as a function of latitude, elevation and climate extremes, using an extensive global dataset of ectotherm and endotherm thermal tolerance limits, while accounting for methodological variation in acclimation temperature, ramping rate and duration of exposure among studies. We show that previously reported relationships between thermal limits and latitude in ectotherms are robust to variation in methods. Heat tolerance of terrestrial ectotherms declined marginally towards higher latitudes and did not vary with elevation, whereas heat tolerance of freshwater and marine ectotherms declined more steeply with latitude. By contrast, cold tolerance limits declined steeply with latitude in marine, intertidal, freshwater and terrestrial ectotherms, and towards higher elevations on land. In all realms, both upper and lower thermal tolerance limits increased with extreme daily temperature, suggesting that different experienced climate extremes across realms explain the patterns, as predicted under the Climate Extremes Hypothesis . Statistically accounting for methodological variation in acclimation temperature, ramping rate and exposure duration improved model fits, and increased slopes with extreme ambient temperature. Our results suggest that fundamentally different patterns of thermal limits found among the earth's realms may be largely explained by differences in episodic thermal extremes among realms, updating global macrophysiological ‘rules’. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Physiological diversity, biodiversity patterns and global climate change: testing key hypotheses involving temperature and oxygen’.

Heat tolerance and cold tolerance of cultivated potatoes measured by the chlorophyll-fluorescence method

Planta ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan E. Hetherington ◽  
Robert M. Smillie ◽  
P. Malagamba ◽  
Z. Huam�n
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Fluorescence Method ◽  
Cultivated Potatoes

scholarly journals Evolution, not transgenerational plasticity, explains the divergence of acorn ant thermal tolerance across an urban-rural temperature cline

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Martin ◽  
Lacy D. Chick ◽  
Aaron R. Yilmaz ◽  
Sarah E. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Transgenerational Plasticity ◽  
Pure Type ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
F2 Generation

AbstractDisentangling the mechanisms of phenotypic shifts in response to environmental change is critical, and although studies increasingly disentangle phenotypic plasticity from evolutionary change, few explore the potential role for transgenerational plasticity in this context. Here, we evaluate the potential role that transgenerational plasticity plays in phenotypic divergence of acorn ants in response to urbanization. F2 generation worker ants (offspring of lab-born queens) exhibited similar divergence among urban and rural populations as F1 generation worker ants (offspring of field-born queens) indicating that evolutionary differentiation rather than transgenerational plasticity was responsible for shifts towards higher heat tolerance and diminished cold tolerance in urban acorn ants. Hybrid matings between urban and rural populations provided further insight into the genetic architecture of thermal adaptation. Heat tolerance of hybrids more resembled the urban-urban pure type, whereas cold tolerance of hybrids more resembled the rural-rural pure type. As a consequence, thermal tolerance traits in this system appear to be influenced by dominance rather than being purely additive traits, and heat and cold tolerance might be determined by separate genes. Though transgenerational plasticity does not explain divergence of acorn ant thermal tolerance, its role in divergence of other traits and across other urbanization gradients merits further study.

scholarly journals Evolutionary stasis and lability in thermal physiology in a group of tropical lizards

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1778) ◽  
pp. 20132433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha M. Muñoz ◽  
Maureen A. Stimola ◽  
Adam C. Algar ◽  
Asa Conover ◽  
Anthony J. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Similar Body

Understanding how quickly physiological traits evolve is a topic of great interest, particularly in the context of how organisms can adapt in response to climate warming. Adjustment to novel thermal habitats may occur either through behavioural adjustments, physiological adaptation or both. Here, we test whether rates of evolution differ among physiological traits in the cybotoids, a clade of tropical Anolis lizards distributed in markedly different thermal environments on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. We find that cold tolerance evolves considerably faster than heat tolerance, a difference that results because behavioural thermoregulation more effectively shields these organisms from selection on upper than lower temperature tolerances. Specifically, because lizards in very different environments behaviourally thermoregulate during the day to similar body temperatures, divergent selection on body temperature and heat tolerance is precluded, whereas night-time temperatures can only be partially buffered by behaviour, thereby exposing organisms to selection on cold tolerance. We discuss how exposure to selection on physiology influences divergence among tropical organisms and its implications for adaptive evolutionary response to climate warming.

scholarly journals Evolution of thermal tolerance and its fitness consequences: parallel and non-parallel responses to urban heat islands across three cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1882) ◽  
pp. 20180036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Diamond ◽  
Lacy D. Chick ◽  
Abe Perez ◽  
Stephanie A. Strickler ◽  
Ryan A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Urban Heat

The question of parallel evolution—what causes it, and how common it is—has long captured the interest of evolutionary biologists. Widespread urban development over the last century has driven rapid evolutionary responses on contemporary time scales, presenting a unique opportunity to test the predictability and parallelism of evolutionary change. Here we examine urban evolution in an acorn-dwelling ant species, focusing on the urban heat island signal and the ant's tolerance of these altered urban temperature regimes. Using a common-garden experimental design with acorn ant colonies collected from urban and rural populations in three cities and reared under five temperature treatments in the laboratory, we assessed plastic and evolutionary shifts in the heat and cold tolerance of F1 offspring worker ants. In two of three cities, we found evolved losses of cold tolerance, and compression of thermal tolerance breadth. Results for heat tolerance were more complex: in one city, we found evidence of simple evolved shifts in heat tolerance in urban populations, though in another, the difference in urban and rural population heat tolerance depended on laboratory rearing temperature, and only became weakly apparent at the warmest rearing temperatures. The shifts in tolerance appeared to be adaptive, as our analysis of the fitness consequences of warming revealed that while urban populations produced more sexual reproductives under warmer laboratory rearing temperatures, rural populations produced fewer. Patterns of natural selection on thermal tolerances supported our findings of fitness trade-offs and local adaptation across urban and rural acorn ant populations, as selection on thermal tolerance acted in opposite directions between the warmest and coldest rearing temperatures. Our study provides mixed support for parallel evolution of thermal tolerance under urban temperature rise, and, importantly, suggests the promising use of cities to examine parallel and non-parallel evolution on contemporary time scales.

scholarly journals Mitochondria-encoded genes contribute to the evolution of heat and cold tolerance among Saccharomyces species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying C. Li ◽  
David Peris ◽  
Chris Todd Hittinger ◽  
Elaine A. Sia ◽  
Justin C. Fay
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Reproductive Barriers ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
Thermal Growth ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Moderate Effect

AbstractOver time, species evolve substantial phenotype differences. Yet, genetic analysis of these traits is limited by reproductive barriers to those phenotypes that distinguish closely related species. Here, we conduct a genome-wide non-complementation screen to identify genes that contribute to a major difference in thermal growth profile between two Saccharomyces species. S. cerevisiae is capable of growing at temperatures exceeding 40°C, whereas S. uvarum cannot grow above 33°C but outperforms S. cerevisiae at 4°C. The screen revealed only a single nuclear-encoded gene with a modest contribution to heat tolerance, but a large effect of the species’ mitochondrial DNA (mitotype). Furthermore, we found that, while the S. cerevisiae mitotype confers heat tolerance, the S. uvarum mitotype confers cold tolerance. Recombinant mitotypes indicate multiple genes contribute to thermal divergence. Mitochondrial allele replacements showed that divergence in the coding sequence of COX1 has a moderate effect on both heat and cold tolerance, but it does not explain the entire difference between the two mitochondrial genomes. Our results highlight a polygenic architecture for interspecific phenotypic divergence and point to the mitochondrial genome as an evolutionary hotspot for not only reproductive incompatibilities, but also thermal divergence in yeast.

scholarly journals Diversity of Eastern North American Ant Communities along Environmental Gradients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e67973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Del Toro
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Ant Communities
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