scholarly journals Soluble biomarkers of immune activation and inflammation in HIV infection: impact of 2 years of effective first-line combination antiretroviral therapy

HIV Medicine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hattab ◽  
M Guiguet ◽  
G Carcelain ◽  
S Fourati ◽  
A Guihot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
First Line

scholarly journals Plasma lipidome abnormalities in people with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R. Bowman ◽  
◽  
Manjusha Kulkarni ◽  
Janelle Gabriel ◽  
Xiaokui Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Abstract Background Dyslipidemia often accompanies human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Lipid abnormalities likely contribute to increased cardiometabolic disease among people with HIV (PWH). Here, we expand our previous findings on changes in the lipidome following ART initiation, and associations among lipid species, including ceramides (CER), diacylglycerols (DAG), and triacylglycerols (TAG), with immune activation. Methods Concentrations and fatty acid composition of plasma lipids (~ 1300 species) were measured by differential mobility spectroscopy in samples from 35 treatment-naïve PWH pre- and post-initiation of ART (raltegravir (RAL)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)); lipidomes were compared to those found in demographically similar HIV-uninfected individuals (n = 13). Results Compared to people without HIV, 37.1% of all lipid species measured were altered in PWH at baseline, and 31.8% of lipid species were altered following 48 weeks of ART. Concentrations of lipid classes were also altered in PWH; diacylglycerols (DAGs) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were increased at baseline, and DAGs remained increased after 48 weeks of ART. Lipids previously linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes were enriched in PWH pre- and post ART, and were related to immune activation and insulin resistance scores. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing lipids were lower in PWH compared to levels in controls, and were inversely related to levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusions HIV infection and ART initiation both induce cardiometabolic changes to the composition of the plasma lipidome. These alterations are associated with inflammatory biomarkers, and may directly contribute to elevated CVD risk and diabetes. Trial registration This study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00660972). Registered April 16, 2008.

scholarly journals Antenatal Atazanavir: A Retrospective Analysis of Pregnancies Exposed to Atazanavir

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Samuel ◽  
Daniel Bradshaw ◽  
Melissa Perry ◽  
Sum Yee Chan ◽  
Rageshri Dhairyawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
First Line ◽  
Gastrointestinal Intolerance ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
New Onset

Introduction.There are few data regarding the tolerability, safety, or efficacy of antenatal atazanavir. We report our clinical experience of atazanavir use in pregnancy.Methods.A retrospective medical records review of atazanavir-exposed pregnancies in 12 London centres between 2004 and 2010.Results.There were 145 pregnancies in 135 women: 89 conceived whilst taking atazanavir-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), “preconception” atazanavir exposure; 27 started atazanavir-based cART as “first-line” during the pregnancy; and 29 “switched” to an atazanavir-based regimen from another cART regimen during pregnancy. Gastrointestinal intolerance requiring atazanavir cessation occurred in five pregnancies. Self-limiting, new-onset transaminitis was most common in first-line use, occurring in 11.0%. Atazanavir was commenced in five switch pregnancies in the presence of transaminitis, two of which discontinued atazanavir with persistent transaminitis. HIV-VL < 50 copies/mL was achieved in 89.3% preconception, 56.5% first-line, and 72.0% switch exposures. Singleton preterm delivery (<37 weeks) occurred in 11.7% preconception, 9.1% first-line, and 7.7% switch exposures. Four infants required phototherapy. There was one mother-to-child transmission in a poorly adherent woman.Conclusions.These data suggest that atazanavir is well tolerated and can be safely prescribed as a component of combination antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy.

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