Fledgling survival increases with development time and adult survival across north and south temperate zones

Ibis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penn Lloyd ◽  
Thomas E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Fledgling Survival ◽  
North And South

scholarly journals Effects of Larval Population Density and Food Type on the Life Cycle of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Kökdener ◽  
Filiz Kiper
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Life History Parameters

Abstract Larval density is an important factor modulating larval resource-acquisition, influencing development of insects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of larval density and substrate content on some life-history parameters of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae). This research was carried out from March 2019 through September 2019 at Animal Physiology Laboratory of Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey. Groups of 25, 100, 200, and 400 newly hatched M. domestica larvae were transferred to a polyethylene cup filled with different substrates (i.e., wheat bran, poultry meal, soybean meal) and kept at 25°C, 62% RH with a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. A two-way analysis of variance (Two way ANOVA) was used to analyze the data on the percentage of pupal and larval survival development time, pupal, and adult weight to evaluate the effect of density and rearing substrate. In this study, increasing larval density and nutrient content of food led to changes in the larval and pupal development time of M. domestica. The results also indicated that the weight of pupae and adult survival was negatively affected by increasing larval density. The wheat bran diet was superior to the other diets for all parameters tested. Our study indicated that life history parameters of Musca domestica are affected by the rearing conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Diet Quality and Temperature on Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Development

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Florez-Cuadros ◽  
Dennis Berkebile ◽  
Gary Brewer ◽  
David B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Adult Fitness ◽  
Quality Diet

The effects of diet quality and temperature on the development time and size of stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), was evaluated. Both development time and size varied relative to diet quality and temperature, and their effects were additive. Diet quality and temperature made similar contributions to the variance in size whereas temperature was responsible for >97% of the variance in development time. Regression analysis predicted the shortest development time, egg to adult, to be 12.7 days at 32 °C and 70% nutrients. Egg to adult development varied curvilinearly relative to diet quality and temperature on the degree day 10 (DD10) scale taking 261 DD10 at 30 °C and 50% nutrients. The thermal threshold was 11.5 °C with a thermal constant of 248. Very few stable flies developed to adult on the poorest diet (12.5% nutrients) and adults emerged from fewer than 1% of the puparia at 35 °C. The heaviest pupae (15.4 mg) were produced with the 100% diet at 15 °C and adults had a higher probability of emerging successfully from heavier puparia. The length of the discal-medial cell of adult wings had a cubic relationship with puparia weight and peaked at 21 °C. Egg to pupariation survival was predicted to peak at 27 °C and 71% diet whereas puparia to adult survival peaked at 24 °C and 100% diet. Diet quality and temperature had no effect on sex ratio and the rate of development did not differ between the sexes. Female stable flies were ≈5% larger than males. Composite metrics for egg to pupariation and egg to adult fitness were developed. The optimum for puparia fitness was 29 °C and 78% diet quality and for adult fitness 25 °C and 83% diet quality. Diet accounted for 31% of the variance in pupal fitness and 24% of the variance in adult fitness whereas temperature accounted for 17% and 20%, respectively.

scholarly journals Temperature, photoperiod and life history traits in Drosophila subobscura

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi J. MacLean ◽  
George W. Gilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractTemperature and photoperiod are generally reliable indicators of seasonality that have shaped the life histories of many temperate zone organisms. Anthropogenic climate change, however, may alter historical weather patterns and seasonal cues. Many studies have evaluated thermal effects on life history traits, but fewer have also examined photoperiodic effects. Because the degree of seasonal cue varies across latitude, we examine developmental plasticity in Drosophila subobscura populations sampled from latitudinal clines across Europe and North America. We examine the interaction between temperature and photoperiod on insect development time, adult survival, and fitness using a two by two factorial design with long (16L:8D) and short days (8L:16D) at high (23°C) and low temperatures (15°C).. We find that development time is dependent on both temperature and photoperiod but the low temperature/long day treatment revealed a dramatic and unexpected 4.5 day delay in eclosion. Fitness, estimated by the intrinsic rate of increase (r), showed a significant increase in response to temperature and a decrease in response to day length, and an interaction such that long-days reduced the effects of temperature. Additionally, cooler temperatures increased lifespan, and long-days reduced survivorship; temperature and day length interacted such that lifespan is relatively shorter in seasonally mismatched (long-cool, short-warm) conditions compared to matched conditions. These data highlight the importance of multiple abiotic factors in predicting species’ responses to climate change.

Framework for Semantic Search Enabled Software Component Repository (SSESCR)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Sharma ◽  
Vijay Singh Rathore ◽  
Chandikaditya Kumawat
Keyword(s):  
Software Quality ◽  
Software Reuse ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Software Component ◽  
Semantic Search ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Software Components ◽  
Efficient Search ◽  
Systematic Reuse ◽  
New System

Software reuse can improve software quality with the reducing cost and development time. Systematic reuse plan enhances cohesion and reduces coupling for better testability and maintainability. Software reuse approach can be adopted at the highest extent if relevant software components can be easily searched, adapted and integrated into new system. Large software industries hold their own well managed component libraries containing well tested software component with the project category based classification .Access to these repositories are very limited. Software reuse is facing so many problems and still not so popular. This is due to issues of general access, efficient search and adoption of software component. This paper propose a framework which resolves all of the above issues with providing easy access to components, efficient incremental semantics based search, repository management, versioning of components.

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