The effect of long‐acting injectable antipsychotic medications compared with oral antipsychotic medications among people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli ◽  
Amani Kappi ◽  
Tianyi Wang ◽  
Andrew Makowski ◽  
Andrew T. Cooley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Oral Antipsychotic ◽  
Long Acting

Efficacy of long‐acting injectable versus oral antipsychotic drugs in early psychosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Lian ◽  
David D. Kim ◽  
Ric M. Procyshyn ◽  
Diane H. Fredrikson ◽  
Diana Cázares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Oral Antipsychotic ◽  
Long Acting

scholarly journals Long-acting atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analyses of effects on functional outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T Olagunju ◽  
Scott R Clark ◽  
Bernhard T Baune
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Psychosocial Function ◽  
Oral Antipsychotic ◽  
Long Acting

Objective: Impairment in psychosocial function is common in schizophrenia. Long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics are thought to enhance psychosocial function by boosting adherence. However, no systematic review has examined the effects of long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics on psychosocial function in clinical trials. Methods: We searched major databases including Medline/PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinical Trial Registries for randomised controlled trials that compared long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics to placebo, oral antipsychotic medications or long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics for all years till 2018, with no language limits. We performed a systematic review of findings on change in psychosocial function and its predictors in the included reports. Data on change in psychosocial functioning were meta-analysed using a random-effects model. Results: A total of 26 studies were included in systematic review, and 19 studies with 8616 adults, 68.1% males were meta-analysed. Long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics were superior to placebo (standardised mean difference = 0.39; 95% confidence interval = [0.32, 0.47]; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%; 9 studies) and oral antipsychotic medications (standardised mean difference = 0.16; 95% confidence interval = [0.01, 0.31]; p = 0.04; I2 = 77%; 10 studies) for improved psychosocial function and superiority was maintained in short- and long trials. Poor psychosocial function was predicted by longer treatment duration, severe symptoms, poor cognition and poor insight. Functioning was assessed by either a single or a combination of measures, but was not the primary outcome in most studies. Other sources of bias include poor blinding and reporting of randomisation. Conclusion: Long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics are beneficial for recovery of psychosocial function in comparison with placebo, but the magnitude of superiority over oral antipsychotic treatment was small. Severe psychopathology at baseline predicted poor psychosocial function. Future effectiveness trials in which post-randomisation involvement is kept to a minimum, and psychosocial function is included as primary outcome a priori, are needed to capture the real-world impact of long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics and to address methodological biases.

scholarly journals Triple versus LAMA/LABA combination therapy for patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Koarai ◽  
Mitsuhiro Yamada ◽  
Tomohiro Ichikawa ◽  
Naoya Fujino ◽  
Tomotaka Kawayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Triple Therapy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dyspnea Score ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Background Recently, the addition of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) to long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) combination therapy has been recommended for patients with COPD who have severe symptoms and a history of exacerbations because it reduces the exacerbations. In addition, a reducing effect on mortality has been shown by this treatment. However, the evidence is mainly based on one large randomized controlled trial IMPACT study, and it remains unclear whether the ICS add-on treatment is beneficial or not. Recently, a large new ETHOS trial has been performed to clarify the ICS add-on effects. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety including ETHOS trial. Methods We searched relevant randomized control trials (RCTs) and analyzed the exacerbations, quality of life (QOL), dyspnea symptom, lung function and adverse events including pneumonia and mortality, as the outcomes of interest. Results We identified a total of 6 RCTs in ICS add-on protocol (N = 13,579). ICS/LAMA/LABA treatment (triple therapy) significantly decreased the incidence of exacerbations (rate ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.64–0.83) and improved the QOL score and trough FEV1 compared to LAMA/LABA. In addition, triple therapy significantly improved the dyspnea score (mean difference 0.33, 95% CI 0.18–0.48) and mortality (odds ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.87). However, triple therapy showed a significantly higher incidence of pneumonia (odds ratio 1.52, 95% CI 1.16–2.00). In the ICS-withdrawal protocol including 2 RCTs, triple therapy also showed a significantly better QOL score and higher trough FEV1 than LAMA/LABA. Concerning the trough FEV1, QOL score and dyspnea score in both protocols, the differences were less than the minimal clinically important difference. Conclusion Triple therapy causes a higher incidence of pneumonia but is a more preferable treatment than LAMA/LABA due to the lower incidence of exacerbations, higher trough FEV1 and better QOL score. In addition, triple therapy is also superior to LABA/LAMA due to the lower mortality and better dyspnea score. However, these results should be only applied to patients with symptomatic moderate to severe COPD and a history of exacerbations. Clinical Trial Registration: PROSPERO; CRD42020191978.

Long-Acting Reversible Contraception, Condom Use, and Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riley J. Steiner ◽  
Sanjana Pampati ◽  
Katherine M. Kortsmit ◽  
Nicole Liddon ◽  
Andrea Swartzendruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Long Acting

Benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medications for treatment of acute cocaine toxicity in animal models – A systematic review and meta-analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1849-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennon Heard ◽  
Nathan R Cleveland ◽  
Shay Krier
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
English Language ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Absolute Risk Reduction ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Cocaine Toxicity

There are no controlled human studies to determine the efficacy of benzodiazepines or antipsychotic medications for prevention or treatment of acute cocaine toxicity. The only available controlled data are from animal models and these studies have reported inconsistent benefits. The objective of this study was to quantify the reported efficacy of benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medication for the prevention of mortality due to cocaine poisoning. We conducted a systematic review to identify English language articles describing experiments that compared a benzodiazepine or antipsychotic medication to placebo for the prevention of acute cocaine toxicity in an animal model. We then used these articles in a meta-analysis with a random-effects model to quantify the absolute risk reduction observed in these experiments. We found 10 articles evaluating antipsychotic medications and 15 articles evaluating benzodiazepines. Antipsychotic medications reduced the risk of death by 27% (95% CI, 15.2%–38.7%) compared to placebo and benzodiazepines reduced the risk of death by 52% (42.8%–60.7%) compared to placebo. Both treatments showed evidence of a dose-response effect, and no experiment found a statistically significant increase in risk of death. We conclude that both benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medications are effective for the prevention of lethality from cocaine toxicity in animal models.

scholarly journals Long-acting muscarinic antagonist + long-acting beta agonist versus long-acting beta agonist + inhaled corticosteroid for COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Respirology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1153-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Horita ◽  
Naoki Miyazawa ◽  
Koji Tomaru ◽  
Miyo Inoue ◽  
Takeshi Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroid ◽  
Muscarinic Antagonist ◽  
Long Acting
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