A Simple Index for Uneven Ventilation

2009 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Paul Sølvsteen
Keyword(s):  
Simple Index ◽  
Uneven Ventilation

EFFECTS OF INONIZING RADIATION CAUSED HEAT STRESS ON THE HUMAN BODY FOR STANDARD ISO 7243

2013 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Van Trong Le ◽  
Thi Tuyet Mai Nguyen ◽  
Thi Xuan Duyen Nguyen ◽  
Ba Luan Nguyen ◽  
Tuyen Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Temperature Index ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Simple Index ◽  
Simple Tool ◽  
Results Management ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Hot Environments

Objectives: Presents heat stress Standard ISO 7243, which is based upon the wet bulb globe temperature index (WBGT), and considers its suitability for use worldwide. Materials and Methods: The WBGT index are considered and how it is used in ISO 7243 and across the world as a simple index for monitoring and assessing hot environments. Results: Management systems, involving risk assessments, that take account of context and culture, are required to ensure successful use of the standard and global applicability. For use outdoors, a WBGT equation that includes solar absorptivity is recommended. A ‘clothed WBGT’ is proposed to account for the effects of clothing. Conclusion: ISO 7243 is a simple tool to assess the heat stress and may be applicated worldwide.

Simple Index to Assess the Calibration Quality of Safety Performance Functions Based on Multiple Goodness-of-Fit Metrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110088
Author(s):  
Raul E. Avelar ◽  
Karen Dixon ◽  
Boniphace Kutela ◽  
Sam Klump ◽  
Beth Wemple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Safety Database ◽  
Simple Index ◽  
Safety Performance Functions

The calibration of safety performance functions (SPFs) is a mechanism included in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) to adjust SPFs in the HSM for use in intended jurisdictions. Critically, the quality of the calibration procedure must be assessed before using the calibrated SPFs. Multiple resources to aid practitioners in calibrating SPFs have been developed in the years following the publication of the HSM 1st edition. Similarly, the literature suggests multiple ways to assess the goodness-of-fit (GOF) of a calibrated SPF to a data set from a given jurisdiction. This paper uses the calibration results of multiple intersection SPFs to a large Mississippi safety database to examine the relations between multiple GOF metrics. The goal is to develop a sensible single index that leverages the joint information from multiple GOF metrics to assess overall quality of calibration. A factor analysis applied to the calibration results revealed three underlying factors explaining 76% of the variability in the data. From these results, the authors developed an index and performed a sensitivity analysis. The key metrics were found to be, in descending order: the deviation of the cumulative residual (CURE) plot from the 95% confidence area, the mean absolute deviation, the modified R-squared, and the value of the calibration factor. This paper also presents comparisons between the index and alternative scoring strategies, as well as an effort to verify the results using synthetic data. The developed index is recommended to comprehensively assess the quality of the calibrated intersection SPFs.

A Simple Index of Trophic Status in Estuaries and Coastal Bays Based on Measurements of pH and Dissolved Oxygen

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane O’Boyle ◽  
Georgina McDermott ◽  
Tone Noklegaard ◽  
Robert Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Coastal Bays ◽  
Simple Index

scholarly journals Mapping Urban Bare Land Automatically from Landsat Imagery with a Simple Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Cuizhen Wang ◽  
Cheng Zhong ◽  
Aijun Su ◽  
Chengren Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Simple Index ◽  
Bare Land

scholarly journals Development of a Simple Index to Measure Overuse of Diagnostic Testing at the Hospital Level Using Administrative Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I Ellenbogen ◽  
Laura Prichett ◽  
Pamela T Johnson ◽  
Daniel J Brotman
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
County Level ◽  
Hospital Level ◽  
Physician Reimbursement ◽  
Simple Index ◽  
Cost Metrics

OBJECTIVE: We developed a diagnostic overuse index that identifies hospitals with high levels of diagnostic intensity by comparing negative diagnostic testing rates for common diagnoses. METHODS: We prospectively identified candidate overuse metrics, each defined by the percentage of patients with a particular diagnosis who underwent a potentially unnecessary diagnostic test. We used data from seven states participating in the State Inpatient Databases. Candidate metrics were tested for temporal stability and internal consistency. Using mixed-effects ordinal regression and adjusting for regional and hospital characteristics, we compared results of our index with three Dartmouth health service area-level utilization metrics and three Medicare county-level cost metrics. RESULTS: The index was comprised of five metrics with good temporal stability and internal consistency. It correlated with five of the six prespecified overuse measures. Among the Dartmouth metrics, our index correlated most closely with physician reimbursement, with an odds ratio of 2.02 (95% CI, 1.11-3.66) of being in a higher tertile of the overuse index when comparing tertiles 3 and 1 of this Dartmouth metric. Among the Medicare county-level metrics, our index correlated most closely with standardized costs of procedures per capita, with an odds ratio of 2.03 (95% CI, 1.21-3.39) of being in a higher overuse index tertile when comparing tertiles 3 and 1 of this metric. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a novel overuse index that is preliminary in nature. This index is derived from readily available administrative data and shows some promise for measuring overuse of diagnostic testing at the hospital level.

scholarly journals Roaming Dogs in Ushuaia City, Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina. How Many and Why

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Arona ◽  
Adrián Schiavini
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Abundance Index ◽  
Simple Index ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Estimation ◽  
Improved Accuracy

Abstract Free roaming dogs (FRD) in cities represent an increasing problem. Authorities need numbers of FRDs to evaluate policies implemented and to monitor the dog population. We estimated the number of FRD in Ushuaia city, Argentina, using a photographic capture-recapture methodology. We estimated an abundance index, the power to detect changes in the index, and modeled factors that may explain the spatial distribution of FRD and their welfare status. During three surveys, covering 72 transects along streets (9.9% of the street layout of Ushuaia), we recorded 539 different FRDs. A model with individual heterogeneity in capture-recapture probability gave 12,797 FRDs (95% CI 10,979 − 15,323), reflecting a dog:human relation of 1:6, higher than the relation recommended by the WHO. The abundance index was similar between surveys (8.13 ± 1.36, 8.38 ± 1.46 and 9.55 ± 1.28 dogs/km). The difference needed to detect changes in the index is about twice the standard error of estimates. The best model explaining dogs’ abundance included only geographical location, although two neighbourhoods with 9 transects stand out with 181 different FRDs identified. Together with the good overall dogs’ welfare status, modeling suggests that the behavior of owners is the main driver for the presence of FRDs. We recommend the use of photographic capture-recapture methodologies instead of simple index estimation, due to the small additional effort required and the improved accuracy and precision obtained. We also recommend a permanent systematic design for future surveys, increase the number of survey occasions, and improve the survey process.

Uneven ventilation in smokers

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukul Banerjee ◽  
John N. Evans ◽  
Marc J. Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Uneven Ventilation
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