scholarly journals Evidence of early evolution of Australidelphia (Metatheria, Mammalia) in South America: phylogenetic relationships of the metatherians from the Late Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) based on teeth and petrosal bones

2010 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANDRINE LADEVÈZE ◽  
CHRISTIAN DE MUIZON
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Early Evolution

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Relationships Among Some Neotropical Parrot Genera (Psittacidae) Based on Mitochondrial Sequences

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-242
Author(s):  
Erika S. Tavares ◽  
Carlos Yamashita ◽  
Cristina Y. Miyaki
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New World ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Mitochondrial Sequences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ribosomal Dnas

Abstract The New World tribe Arini includes 30 genera and represents 148 known species of parrots. A previous phylogenetic study examined nine of those genera and suggested the existence of two groups. Our objective was to better understand the relationships among 14 species from 9 genera belonging to one of those groups. We partially sequenced the 12S and 16S ribosomal DNAs, cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase I, and control region. We improved our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships among Neotropical parrots by adding both taxa and sequences, but the relationships among the deeper lineages were not well resolved. Our results agree with present classifications that place some species formerly in the genus Ara into three additional genera (Primolius, Orthopsittaca, and Diopsittaca). Additionally, we suggest that (1) D. nobilis and Guarouba guarouba are closely related and the genus Aratinga is not monophyletic; (2) diversification of genera may have occurred during the Miocene, and of species within genera during the Pliocene and Pleistocene; and (3) geologic, climatic, and environmental changes in South America may have been related to that diversification.

scholarly journals The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma vivax from South America and Africa

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 133 (02) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. CORTEZ ◽  
R. M. VENTURA ◽  
A. C. RODRIGUES ◽  
J. S. BATISTA ◽  
F. PAIVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Trypanosoma Vivax

Phylogenetic relationships of species of genus Arachis based on genic sequences

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohao He ◽  
Noelle A. Barkley ◽  
Yongli Zhao ◽  
Mei Yuan ◽  
C.S. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
D Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Single Clade ◽  
Basal Clade ◽  
Cultivated Peanut

The genus Arachis (Fabaceae), which originated in South America, consists of 80 species. Based on morphological traits and cross-compatibility among the species, the genus is divided into nine taxonomic sections. Arachis is the largest section including the economically valuable cultivated peanut (A. hypogaea). Seven genic sequences were utilized to better understand the phylogenetic relationships between species of genus Arachis. Our study displayed four clades of species of Arachis. Arachis triseminata was genetically isolated from all other species of Arachis studied, and it formed the basal clade with A. retusa and A. dardani from the most ancient sections Extranervosae and Heteranthae, respectively. Species of section Arachis formed a separated single clade from all other species, within which species having B and D genome clustered in one subgroup and three species characterized with an A genome grouped together in another subgroup. A divergent clade including species from five sections was sister to the clade of section Arachis. Between the sister clades and the basal clade there was a clade containing species from the more advanced sections. Phylogenetic relationships of all the species of Arachis using multiple genic sequences were similar to the phylogenies produced with single-copy genes.

NOTES ON THE LIZERINI BLANCHARD WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW LIZERIUS AND PAOLIELLA SPECIES FROM SOUTH AMERICA AND AFRICA (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Quednau
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
South American ◽  
New Subgenus

AbstractFour species of Lizerius Blanchard, L. cermelii, L. intermedius, L. costai and L. brasiliensis, from South America and four species of Paoliella Theobald, P. reticulosiphon and P. melanocallis from South America, and P. pteleopsidis and P. longirostris from Africa, are described as new. Redescriptions of L. tuberculatus (Blanchard) and P. kenyensis (Eastop) are also given, with keys for the species of Lizerius and Paoliella. Neolizerius is made a synonym of Lizerius. A new subgenus Paralizerius is established. Adhesive vesicles are reported for the two South American Paoliella species. The phylogenetic relationships of the Lizerini are discussed. It is concluded that this tribe branched off from Mindarus–Neophyllaphis-like aphids and that the Schoutedeniini evolved from ancestors that were related to the Lizerini.

scholarly journals Taxonomic and phylogenetic review of Necrosuchus ionensis (Alligatoroidea: Caimaninae) and the early evolution and radiation of caimanines

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanne M Cidade ◽  
Daniel Fortier ◽  
Annie S Hsiou
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
North American ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Salamanca Formation

Abstract Alligatoroidea is the most species-rich crocodylomorph clade of the Cenozoic of South America, with nearly all species belonging to the Caimaninae clade. However, the earliest records of Caimaninae in South America, which are from the Palaeocene, are based mostly on incomplete specimens, which increases the importance of detailed taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on these taxa. This paper offers a taxonomic and phylogenetic review of Necrosuchus ionensis, a caimanine species from the Salamanca Formation of the Palaeocene of Argentina. Necrosuchus ionensis is considered a valid species, albeit with a different diagnosis from that proposed by previous authors. The phylogenetic analysis shows, for the first time, that N. ionensis belongs to the derived Caimaninae clade Jacarea. However, a better understanding of the Jacarea clade is needed, and alternative placements for N. ionensis might be considered. Nevertheless, the placement of N. ionensis as a derived caimanine raises interesting perspectives on the early evolution and radiation of caimanines, which are thoroughly discussed in this paper together with other results obtained in this study, such as the recovery of the North American caimanines Bottosaurus and Tsoabichi as a clade.

The jumping plant-lice of the Neotropical genus Tainarys (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) associated with Anacardiaceae

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4232 (4) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL BURCKHARDT ◽  
DALVA L. QUEIROZ
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
South American ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Dominican Amber ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
East West

The Neotropical psyllid genus Tainarys Brèthes, 1920 is revised to include 14 extant and one fossil species from Dominican amber. Eight species are described as new, viz. Tainarys aroeira sp. nov., T. atra sp. nov., T. hapla sp. nov., T. myracrodrui sp. nov., T. nigricornis sp. nov., T. didyma sp. nov. and T. orientalis sp. nov. from Brazil, the last two also from Uruguay, as well as T. lozadai sp. nov. from Peru. The fifth instar immatures are described for nine species. †Vicinilura Klimaszewski, 1996, erected for the fossil †V. reposta Klimaszewski, 1996 and previously synonymised with Leurolophus Tuthill, 1942, is synonymised here (syn. nov.) with Tainarys and †V. reposta is transferred to become †Tainarys reposta (Klimaszewski), comb. nov. The descriptions are supplemented by illustrations and keys for the identification of adults and immatures. Phylogenetic relationships between species are investigated with a cladistic analysis using 22 adult and six immature morphological characters. The analysis resulted in a single most parsimonious, fully resolved tree. The fossil species is nested within the genus rather than being the sister taxon of the remainder of species. The extant species are restricted to the subtropical and temperate parts of South America. Three pairs of sister clades display an east‒west South American and one a midwest‒southern Brazilian geographical vicariance. Host plants are confirmed for nine and likely for another four species. They are Astronium, Haplorhus, Myracrodruon, Schinopsis and Schinus (Anacardiaceae). All Tainarys species appear to be oligophagous inducing irregular leaf curls on their hosts. 

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