Effect of phytic acid on growth and nitrogen retention in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L.

Among the most typical feed sources for tilapia, plants represent a low-cost source in substituting for traditional high-cost feed ingredients. Fermentation, hardening and dehulling are common grains processing techniques to make plant nutrients available and more digestible to fish. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter and protein, and antinutrients (phytic acid and tannins) in fermented, hardened and dehulled chickpea (Cicer arietinum) meals were determined for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The highest ADC was obtained with processed (fermented, hardened and dehulled) chickpea meals compared with non-processed. Results indicated that fermentation increased the protein content by 13.1%, decreased the content of ash and phytic acid (47.5 and 45%, respectively), and increased the ingredient apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADM) by 23.2%, and the ingredient apparent digestibility of protein (ADP) by 41.9%. Dehulling meal increased the protein (5.7%) and lipid (6.4%) content of chickpea grains; decreased fiber, ash and tannin content (75.3%, 19.1%, and 84.5%, respectively); and increased ADM by 12.8%, and ADP by 10.4%. We conclude that fermented, hardened and dehulled chickpea meals represent a potential alternative in diets for juvenile O. niloticus.

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Ultrastructure of Testicular Spermatozoon of the Fish Oreochromis Niloticus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103450 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 278-279

Author(s):

T. Guha ◽

A. Q. Siddiqui ◽

P. F. Prentis

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Sperm Cells ◽

Adult Fish ◽

Testicular Sperm ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Important Fish ◽

Testicular Spermatozoon ◽

Diamond Knife

Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is an economically important fish in Saudi Arabia. Elucidation of reproductive biology of this species is necessary for successful breeding program. In this paper we describe fine structure of testicular sperm cells in O, niloticus.Testes from young adult fish were fixed in gluteraldehyde (2%) and osmium tetroxide (1%), both in cacodyl ate buffer. Specimens were processed in the conventional way for electron microscopy and thin sections of tissues (obtained by cutting the blocks with a diamond knife) were stained by ura- nyl acetate and lead citrate. These were examined in a Carl Zeiss electron microscope operated at 40 kV to 60 kV. Sperm cells were obtained from testes by squeezing them in cacodyl ate buffer. They were fixed in gluteraldehyde (2%) in the same buffer, air dried, gold coated and then examined in a Philips scanning electron microscope (SEM) operated at 25kV.The spermatozoon of O. niloticus is consisting of head, midpiece and tail (Fig. 1).

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Ultrastructure of primary spermatocyte in fish (Tilapia: Oreochromis niloticus): The synaptonemal complex

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100143067 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 288-289

Author(s):

T. Guha ◽

A. Q. Siddiqui ◽

P. F. Prentis

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Synaptonemal Complex ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Short Communication ◽

Primary Spermatocyte ◽

Mitotic Division ◽

Meiotic Cell ◽

Electron Microscope Level ◽

Homologous Chromosomes

The Primary Spermatocytes represent a stage in spermatogenesis when the first meiotic cell division occurs. They are derived from Spermatogonium or Stem cell through mitotic division. At the zygotene phase of meiotic prophase the Synaptonemal complex appears in these cells in the space between the paired homologous chromosomes. Spermatogenesis and sperm structure in fish have been studied at the electron microscope level in a few species? However, no work has yet been reported on ultrastructure of tilapia, O. niloticus, spermatozoa and spermatogenetic process. In this short communication we are reporting the Ultrastructure of Primary Spermatocytes in tilapia, O. niloticus, and the fine structure of synaptonemal complexes seen in the spermatocyte nuclei.

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