scholarly journals Effects of the maternal and pre-adult host plant on adult performance and preference in the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
AILSA H. C. McLEAN ◽  
JULIA FERRARI ◽  
H. C. J. GODFRAY
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Adult Performance

Escape behaviour of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) in response to alarm pheromone and vibration

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2245-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clegg ◽  
C. A. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Escape Behaviour ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Escape Responses

Pea aphids respond most effectively to the threat of a predator by walking away or dropping from their host plant. Simulating threat by using vibration and alarm pheromone, both separately and together, we found no evidence that escape responses are heritable, nor that individual aphids have characteristic escape behaviours. On the contrary, the amount of alarm pheromone influenced responses: the more pheromone, the more likely an immediate and effective escape. Vibration preceding alarm pheromone greatly increased responsiveness to pheromone, and aphids were more responsive to pheromone after vibration when feeding on stems than when feeding on the undersides of leaves.

Factors in Resistance of Peas to the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.) (Homoptera: Aphididae). I. The Sugar-Nitrogen Ratio

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Maltais ◽  
J. L. Auclair
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Varietal Resistance ◽  
Resistant Plant ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Aphid Development ◽  
Resistance Of Varieties

Differences in resistance of varieties of peas to the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.), have long ago been shown in the field and by controlled rearings under glass, Russell and Morrison (1924, p. 63) apparently being the First to observe differences. Early investigations at Wisconsin by Searb (1932) showed that pea varieties differ in the number of aphids born upon them. Maltais (1937) corraborated these early findings and reported (1950) the development of a pure-line strain of aphid-resistant pea. The influence of resistance in peas upoil aphid development, reproduction, and longevity as investigated by Harrington (1941) with individual plants under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. His results confirmed the inability of the insect to develop and reproduce as fast on a resistant plant as on a susceptible one. Tt has been postulated that the composition of the available food in the host plant plays possibly the most important role in determining the resistance to aphid attack (Evans, 1938; Painter, 1941). Maltais (1948), Auclair and Maltais (1950), and Maltais (1951) gave preliminary reports on the probable factors in varietal resistance in peas.

Overwintering Egg Populations of the Pea Aphid in East Anglia

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Dunn ◽  
D. W. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Peak Number ◽  
Overwintering Mortality

Egg populations of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), overwintering on lucerne and hop trefoil have been followed. On hop trefoil the overwintering mortality of these eggs was 83 per cent. Although the mortality was apparently less on lucerne, a wide discrepancy existed between the two crops in the ratio between the total numbers of eggs at the beginning of eclosion and the number of Aphids which successfully established themselves the following spring. The peak number of fundatrices on lucerne was three times the egg total at the beginning of eclosion whereas on hop trefoil it was only half. Many more eggs than were recorded were undoubtedly laid on the lucerne plants and the high number of fundatrices subsequently found must have emerged from eggs that had fallen or been knocked off the host-plant.

scholarly journals Effect of Lupin Cyclitols on Pea Aphid Probing Behaviour

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Kordan ◽  
Lesław Lahuta ◽  
Katarzyna Dancewicz ◽  
Wojciech Sądej ◽  
Beata Gabryś
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Probing Behaviour ◽  
Plant Treatment

Effect of Lupin Cyclitols on Pea Aphid Probing BehaviourThe cyclitols: D-pinitol, D-chiro-inositol are naturally present in the tissues ofLupinus angustifolius. The effect of these cyclitols on the behaviour of the pea associated clone ofAcyrthosiphon pisumduring various stages of probing was studied. The main stage of probing studied was the stylet penetration in mesphyll and vascular bundle. D-pinitol, D-chiro-inositol and their mixture were exogenously applied to peaPisum sativumexplants and the aphid probing behaviour was evaluated using the Electrical Penetration Graph technique (EPG). Feeding of peas with cyclitols at a concentration of 10 mM, caused a selective accumulation of D-pinitol and D-chiro-inositol in stems, leaf petioles, and leaf blades. In aphid bodies, both cyclitols were traced, respectively, to the host plant treatment. The new cyclitols in pea tissues did not significantly affect the total duration and frequency of aphid activities during probing in peripheral as well as vascular tissues. However, the aphid behaviour on cyclitol-treated plants as compared to their behaviour on the control was slightly altered. Non-probing and probing in mesophyl prevailed among aphid activities during the initial period of stylet penetration. Aphids on D-pinitol+D-chiro-inositol-treated plants reached phloem vessels relatively later than aphids on the control and D-chiro-inositol plants. There were recurrent switches between E1 (salivation) and E2 (sap ingestion) patterns in some aphids during the phloem phase on D-pinitol and D-pinitol+D-chiro-inositol - treated plants. This may reflect difficulties in the uptake of the phloem sap, and point to lupin cyclitols as being responsible, at least in part, for the rejection ofL. angustifoliusas a host plant by the pea clone ofA. pisum.

scholarly journals A protein from the salivary glands of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is essential in feeding on a host plant

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (29) ◽  
pp. 9965-9969 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Mutti ◽  
J. Louis ◽  
L. K. Pappan ◽  
K. Pappan ◽  
K. Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid

Molecular evidence against phylogenetically distinct host races of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Grace Boulding
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase I ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Host Races ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Geographical Regions

Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) clones have been shown to be adapted to particular host plant species but it is unknown whether there are host races. A 1101 base pair region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) was sequenced for 21 pea aphid clones that had been collected from different host plants in Canada and the U.S.A. Only five closely related mitochondrial haplotypes were found. A maximum likelihood phylogeny was estimated for these five haplotypes and four related aphid species: Acyrthosiphon macrosiphum, A. kondoi, Fimbriaphis fimbriata, and Macrosiphum creelii. Pea aphids from the same host plant species were no more likely to have the same mitochondrial haplotype than aphids from different host plant species. In addition, aphids from the same geographical regions were no more likely to have the same mitochondrial haplotype than aphids from different geographic regions. I therefore reject the hypothesis that there are monophyletic host races of the pea aphid.Key words: cytochrome oxidase I, exotic species, host plant, mtDNA sequence, phylogeny.

scholarly journals Dropping behaviour of pea aphid nymphs increases their development time and reduces their reproductive capacity as adults

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Agabiti ◽  
Roxanne J. Wassenaar ◽  
Linton Winder
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Negative Effect

Background.Many aphid species, including the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum, exhibit a behaviour where they drop or fall from their host plant, a commonly used strategy to avoid predation, parasitism or physical disturbance. We hypothesised that there was a physiological non-consumptive cost due to such dropping behaviour because aphids would expend energy re-establishing themselves on a host plant and also lose feeding time.Methods.We evaluated this non-consumptive cost by determining the development time and reproductive potential of pea aphids that whilst developing as nymphs had regularly dropped to the ground following dislodgment from their host plant. Using a microcosm approach, in a replicated and balanced laboratory experiment, we caused aphid dropping behaviour by tapping the plants on which they were feeding.Results.The results demonstrated that disturbance by dropping behaviour increased nymphal development time and reduced their subsequent reproductive capacity as adults.Discussion.We conclude that dropping behaviour had a strong negative effect on the development of nymphs and their subsequent reproductive capacity. This implies that the physiological cost of such a behaviour choice is substantial, and that such avoidance strategies require a trade-off which reduces the capacity of a population to increase.

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