Changes in Cooking Losses and Sensory Attributes of Angus and Holstein Beef with Increasing Carcass Weight, Marbling Score or Longissimus Ether Extract

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ARMBRUSTER ◽  
A. Y. M. NOUR ◽  
M. L. THONNEY ◽  
J. R. STOUFFER
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Marbling Score

scholarly journals Reduction of slaughter age of Hanwoo steers by early genotyping based on meat yield index

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-777
Author(s):  
Chang Dae Jeong ◽  
Mahfuzul Islam ◽  
Jong-Joo Kim ◽  
Yong-Il Cho ◽  
Sang-Suk Lee
Keyword(s):  
Snp Array ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Snp Array Analysis ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Highly Correlated

Objective: This study was conducted to determine early hereditary endowment to establish a short-term feeding program.Methods: Hanwoo steers (n = 140) were equally distributed into four groups (35/group) based on genetic meat yield index (MYI) viz. the greatest, great, low, and the lowest at Jukam Hanwoo farm, Goheung. All animals were fed in group pens (5 animals/pen) with similar feed depending on the growth stage. Rice straw was provided ad libitum, whereas concentrate was fed at 5.71 kg during the growing period (6 to 13 mo) and 9.4 kg during the fattening period (13 to 28 mo). Body weight (BW) was measured at two-month intervals, whereas carcass weight was determined at slaughtering at about 31 months of age. The Affymetrix Bovine Axiom Array 640K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip was used to determine the meat quantity-related gene in the blood.Results: After 6 months, the highest (p<0.05) BW was observed in the greatest MYI group (190.77 kg) and the lowest (p<0.05) in the lowest MYI group (173.51 kg). The great MYI group also showed significantly (p<0.05) higher BW than the lowest MYI group. After 16 and 24 months, the greatest MYI group had the highest BW gain (p<0.05) and were therefore slaughtered the earliest. Carcass weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the greatest and the great MYI groups followed by the low and the lowest MYI groups. Back-fat thickness in the greatest MYI group was highly correlated to carcass weight and marbling score. The SNP array analysis identified the carcass-weight related gene BTB-01280026 with an additive effect. The steers with the allele increasing carcass weight had heavier slaughter weight of about 12 kg.Conclusion: Genetic MYI is a potential tool for calf selection, which will reduce the slaughter age while simultaneously increasing carcass weight, back-fat thickness, and marbling score.

PREDICTING EMPTY BODY COMPOSITION OF CATTLE FROM CARCASS WEIGHT AND RIB CUT COMPOSITION

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. ALHASSAN ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH ◽  
W. R. USBORNE ◽  
G. C. SMITH ◽  
G. C. ASHTON
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Body Component ◽  
Total Body Composition ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Energy

Data collected on 43 steers (25 predominantly Hereford breeding (H) and 18 predominantly Angus breeding (A)) were used to generate equations to predict total body composition of Angus and Hereford steers from measurements obtained at slaughter. Empty body fat (ether extract, EBF), kg was predicted from 9–11 rib cut fat (ether extract, RF), kg and warm carcass weight (WCW), kg by the following: H — steers, EBF = − 11.49 + 44.08 RF + 0.22 WCW (R2 = 0.96, CV = 10.07%) and A — steers, EBF = − 49.30 + 31.30 RF + 0.50 WCW (R2 = 0.94, CV = 9.40%). Total empty body energy (EBE) (Mcal) was predicted from 9–11 rib cut energy (RE, Mcal) and WCW (kg) by the following: H — steers, EBE = − 252.6 + 28.85 RE + 4.26 WCW (R2 = 0.94, CV = 10.15%) and A — steers, EBE = − 434.3 + 25.48 RE + 5.64 WCW (R2 = 0.94, CV = 8.02%). Prediction of EBF and EBE from RF and RE, respectively, differed (P = 0.05) between breeds whereas prediction from WCW did not. For all steers, EBF, kg and EBE, Mcal, respectively, were predicted from WCW, kg, by the following: EBF = − 63.71 + 0.704 WCW (r2 = 0.91, CV = 12.44%) and EBE = − 537.7 + 7.377 WCW (r2 = 0.92, CV = 10.0%). Body protein (BP), kg was predicted from WCW, kg by the following: H — steers, BP = 23.31 + 0.154 WCW (r2 = 0.83, CV = 6.04%) and A — steers, BP = 11.32 + 0.195 WCW (r2 = 0.93, CV = 5.29%). Prediction of BP was not significantly improved by the inclusion of 9–11 rib protein in the equation with WCW. Prediction of body water and ash from weights of rib cut water and ash, respectively, and warm carcass weight were unacceptable. Non-linear relationships between rib cut component weights and corresponding empty body weights as well as between WCW and empty body component weights were generally not significant (P = 0.05). Inclusion of kidney and pelvic fat weight in these equations did not greatly improve their accuracy.

scholarly journals Growth performance, and carcass and meat quality traits in progeny of Poll Nellore, Angus and Brahman sires under tropical conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. C. Pereira ◽  
F. Baldi ◽  
R. D. Sainz ◽  
B. L. Utembergue ◽  
H. L. J. Chiaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dressing Percentage

This study aimed to characterise progeny of sires representing major families in the Poll Nellore breed. Fourteen Poll Nellore sires, two Angus sires and one Brahman sire were mated by AI to ~400 multiparous Poll Nellore dams. Calves were raised and stocked on pasture in central Brazil until reaching ~18 months of age, then fed a sugarcane bagasse-based diet on an ad libitum basis until reaching market weight and finish (average 23 months). There were 236 Poll Nellore (N), 38 Angus × Poll Nellore (AN) and 31 Brahman × Poll Nellore (BN) calves born in total. The weaning and 423-day weight weights, and growth rates and pre- and post-weaning were greater (P < 0.05) in males than in female calves, and were influenced by breed and by sire within the N animals. The weaning weights were higher (P < 0.05) in AN and BN than in N calves. The 423-day weight weights were greater (P < 0.05) in AN calves, followed by BN, with straightbred N being lightest. Feedlot average daily gain was unaffected (P > 0.05) by sex or by sire within N, but was lowest (P < 0.05) in N cattle, and highest in AN and BN animals, which did not differ (P > 0.05). Heifers reached the end of the study with lower bodyweight (BW) and dressing percentage than steers, resulting in lower carcass weights, smaller longissimus muscle areas (LMA), but greater 12th to 13th rib backfat (BF) and similar marbling score and mean shear force. However, the proportion of carcasses grading Choice or Prime was numerically greater in heifers than in steers (23.6% vs 9.8%). AN cattle reached greater harvest weights than BN, and those were heavier than N cattle (P < 0.001). However, dressing percentages were lowest in AN animals, so that there was no significant difference in carcass weight between AN and BN cattle. AN carcasses also had greater LMA, BF and marbling scores than the N carcasses. The proportion of carcasses grading Choice or Prime was numerically greater in AN cattle than in the BN and N groups (25.9%, 11.8% and 15.9%, respectively). Steaks from AN calves were more tender than N steaks, with the BN steaks being intermediate. There was significant variation among N sires for final BW, dressing percentage, carcass weight, LMA and marbling score, but not for BF or mean shear force. The percentages of carcasses of N cattle grading Choice or Prime ranged from 0% to 61.5%. Three N sires produced progeny with greater than 40% of carcasses grading Choice or above (Berílio OB, Furador OB, and Litoral OB). Likewise, three N sires (Blitz OB, Furador OB and Sossego OB) had progeny with 67%, 62% and 75%, respectively, of steaks classified as tender. This study confirmed that Zebu cattle have inferior carcass and meat quality relative to AN crossbreds under tropical conditions, however there is substantial variation within the N breed for these traits, and several sires have a proportion of their progeny comparable in terms of meat tenderness to those of Angus sires.

PREDICTION OF FAT-TO-PROTEIN RATIO IN LAMB CARCASSES

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Jordan ◽  
G. I. Pritchard ◽  
D. P. Heaney ◽  
H. F. Jeffers
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Scientific Investigations

A study of relationships between weights or simple measures of body proportions and fat-to-protein ratio in lamb carcasses (ether extract-to-N × 6.25 in completely ground carcass side) showed several positive relationships of practical importance. Width of carcass at shoulders was the most useful criterion (r = 0.68) for predicting fat-to-protein ratio, followed by carcass weight, body weight, heart girth, and carcass depth with r values of 0.64, 0.60, 0.58, and 0.52 respectively. While these relationships lead to prediction equations that are not sufficiently precise for most scientific investigations, they are sufficiently high to warrant consideration when assessing the value of such measurements in carcass evaluation and in selection. Leg length, carcass length, and carcass width at hips had lower relationships to fat-to-protein ratio in carcasses, which were of doubtful value even for practical purposes. Area of eye of lean showed no relationship to fat-to-protein ratio.

Effect of zeranol on fat deposition and carcass traits in beef heifers

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. King ◽  
R. D. Bergen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
R. N. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Beef Heifer

Non-pregnant beef heifers implanted with zeranol at birth and at 100 and 200 d of age were fed a finishing ration for 78 d to slaughter at 21–22 mo of age. Rate of fat deposition, grade fat and marbling score were less (P < 0.05) and carcass weight, rib-eye area and lean-meat yield were greater (P < 0.05) for implanted heifers than for non-implanted heifers. Key words: Zeranol, ultrasound, fat deposition, carcass, beef heifer

A survey of marbling fat in Canadian beef carcasses

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
A. K. W. Tong ◽  
S. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Beef Carcass

Marbling score was assessed in 20 437 Canadian beef carcasses on a 10-point scale (1 = very abundant, 10 = devoid) in six provinces during the period August to November 1989. Heifer carcasses had a lower marbling score (more marbling fat) than steer carcasses, and both had lower marbling scores (more marbling fat) than bull carcasses. Marbling increased as Canada grade changed from B1 to A1 and from A1 through to A4, indicating that marbling fat increased with carcass fatness. The regression of marbling score on carcass weight and carcass 12th rib fat thickness, although significant, showed that these traits only accounted for 0.5 and 6%, respectively, of the overall variation in marbling score. The overall distribution of marbling scores showed that 20.6% of carcasses had small or more marbling, 57.9% had slight marbling, 20.4% had traces of marbling and 1.1% were devoid of marbling. Key words: Beef, carcass, marbling, survey

Australian grass-fed beef for Japan. 1. Carcass quality characteristics, saleable meat yield, and the value of various carcass measurements for predicting yield

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Hopkins ◽  
AHK Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meat Colour

Fifty-six carcasses from grass-fed steers of 4 breed types, purchased for the Japanese market, were evaluated for quality and yield characteristics. The mean (� s.d.) carcass weight was 324 � 28.3 kg, and P8 fat depth 16.5 � 5.27 mm. Based on the Japanese grading system. 52 of the carcasses were considered acceptable for marbling, 54 for fat colour, and all carcasses for meat colour. The mean marbling, fat colour, and meat colour scores were 3.3, 3.3, and 3.5 respectively. The rank correlation between P8 fat depth and marbling score was 0.09, and a similar level of association was found between marbling score and fat depth measurements at other positions on the carcass. Measures of M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LD) area, using different techniques at the same rib, were significantly (P<0.001) correlated (5th rib, r = 0.87; 10th rib, r = 0.80); however, there was no association between LD area at the 5th and 10th ribs. Models were developed to predict the weight of saleable meat (SM) and fat trim (FT) based initially on hot standard carcass weight (HCW) and P8 fat depth as the independent variables. For all models HCW was the important predictor, with various measures of subcutaneous fat depth increasing the accuracy of estimates by a small amount. Fat depth measurements from the loin region reduced the error of prediction of SM more than fat depth measurements from the rump region, irrespective of the method used to measure fat depth. Replacing fat depth measures with the weight of trimmed fat significantly improved the accuracy of the predictions. The best model for predicting FT weight was based on the predictors HCW and fat depth at the 12th113th rib. Breed type was found to be not significant (P = 0.07) if included in a model with P8 fat depth and HCW. When breed type was included, P8 fat depth was no longer significant. When LD area at the 10th rib was included with HCW and P8 fat depth as a predictor of SM, P8 fat depth was no longer significant (P>0.05), but this was not the case when estimates of LD at the 5th rib were used. Regardless of this, estimates of LD area at both ribs showed themselves to be useful predictors of SM additional to HCW and P8 fat depth. Breed type was not a significant (P>0.05) contributor to the model based on the predictors HCW, P8 fat depth, and LD area at the 10th rib. If fat depth at the 10th rib was used with HCW and LD at the 10th rib instead of P8 fat depth, then more of the variation (R2 = 0.88 v. 0.85) in SM was explained and the error of the prediction was less (3.34 v. 3.75). Also, when fat depth at the 10th rib was used, the rib site used to estimate LD area was less important. The models showed that prediction of SM in heavyweight carcasses was marginally aided by using estimates of LD area.

The effects of fasting, electrolyte supplementation and electrical stimulation on carcass yield and meat quality in bulls

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
A. L. Schaefer ◽  
A. K. W. Tong
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Weight Losses

Eighty-nine yearling beef bulls were allocated to one of four lairage treatment groups of either 0, 12, 24 or 36 h. Except for the 0-h group, all animals were given a 4-h road transport followed by either 12, 24 or 36 h in lairage pre-slaughter without feed and water. An electrolyte solution was offered during lairage to groups of bulls within the fasting treatments. Following slaughter and dressing, alternate carcass sides were stimulated (470 V, 1.5 A, 60 Hz) for 60 s, and data on muscle quality were collected. Fasting resulted in a progressive reduction in warm and cold carcass weight (as a proportion of final live weight) and reduced liver, rumen and intestine proportions. Electrolyte supplementation was effective in reducing carcass weight losses and appeared to have its greatest effect on bulls kept in lairage for 36 h. Fasting and electrolyte supplementation had few effects on muscle quality. Electrical stimulation reduced muscle shear value, lowered final muscle pH, brightened muscle colour at 24 h post mortem but had no effect on marbling score. It was concluded that electrolyte supplementation increased carcass yield in fasted bulls but had little beneficial effect on meat quality. On the other hand, electrical stimulation improved several quality parameters, including muscle shear value. Key words: Bulls, cattle, fasting, lairage, electrical stimulation, meat quality

scholarly journals Performance, carcass and meat characteristics of two cattle categories finished on pasture during the dry season with supplementation in different forage allowance

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Aranha ◽  
C. Andrighetto ◽  
G.C. Lupatini ◽  
G.P. Mateus ◽  
C. Ducatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Ph Decrease ◽  
Animal Category

ABSTRACT The objective this paper was to evaluate the effect of two categories of beef finished in pasture with supplementation with two herbage allowance on performance, carcass and meat characteristics. Thirty-six Guzera cattle were used, 18 steers and 18 heifers with an initial age of 20 months. There was significant difference in daily weight gain for animal category and the herbage allowance, which were higher in males and animals submitted to high herbage allowance. Steers showed higher final weight, carcass weight and forequarter yield compared with the heifers, although the hindquarter yield was higher in the heifers, however the herbage allowance did not influence these characteristics. There were not statistical differences for carcass yield, ribeye area, backfat thickness and marbling score for the animal categories and herbage allowance. The meat chemical composition of the steers did not differ of the heifers, however, the animals submitted to high herbage allowance was increase in ether extract and pH, decrease in protein percentage. It was concluded that the animal category and the herbage allowance changed the animal performance, improving performance in males and cattle submitted to high herbage allowance.

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