Australian grass-fed beef for Japan. 1. Carcass quality characteristics, saleable meat yield, and the value of various carcass measurements for predicting yield

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Hopkins ◽  
AHK Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meat Colour

Fifty-six carcasses from grass-fed steers of 4 breed types, purchased for the Japanese market, were evaluated for quality and yield characteristics. The mean (� s.d.) carcass weight was 324 � 28.3 kg, and P8 fat depth 16.5 � 5.27 mm. Based on the Japanese grading system. 52 of the carcasses were considered acceptable for marbling, 54 for fat colour, and all carcasses for meat colour. The mean marbling, fat colour, and meat colour scores were 3.3, 3.3, and 3.5 respectively. The rank correlation between P8 fat depth and marbling score was 0.09, and a similar level of association was found between marbling score and fat depth measurements at other positions on the carcass. Measures of M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LD) area, using different techniques at the same rib, were significantly (P<0.001) correlated (5th rib, r = 0.87; 10th rib, r = 0.80); however, there was no association between LD area at the 5th and 10th ribs. Models were developed to predict the weight of saleable meat (SM) and fat trim (FT) based initially on hot standard carcass weight (HCW) and P8 fat depth as the independent variables. For all models HCW was the important predictor, with various measures of subcutaneous fat depth increasing the accuracy of estimates by a small amount. Fat depth measurements from the loin region reduced the error of prediction of SM more than fat depth measurements from the rump region, irrespective of the method used to measure fat depth. Replacing fat depth measures with the weight of trimmed fat significantly improved the accuracy of the predictions. The best model for predicting FT weight was based on the predictors HCW and fat depth at the 12th113th rib. Breed type was found to be not significant (P = 0.07) if included in a model with P8 fat depth and HCW. When breed type was included, P8 fat depth was no longer significant. When LD area at the 10th rib was included with HCW and P8 fat depth as a predictor of SM, P8 fat depth was no longer significant (P>0.05), but this was not the case when estimates of LD at the 5th rib were used. Regardless of this, estimates of LD area at both ribs showed themselves to be useful predictors of SM additional to HCW and P8 fat depth. Breed type was not a significant (P>0.05) contributor to the model based on the predictors HCW, P8 fat depth, and LD area at the 10th rib. If fat depth at the 10th rib was used with HCW and LD at the 10th rib instead of P8 fat depth, then more of the variation (R2 = 0.88 v. 0.85) in SM was explained and the error of the prediction was less (3.34 v. 3.75). Also, when fat depth at the 10th rib was used, the rib site used to estimate LD area was less important. The models showed that prediction of SM in heavyweight carcasses was marginally aided by using estimates of LD area.

Carcass composition in four sheep breeds: the importance of type of breed and stage of maturity

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
H. J. H. MacFie ◽  
R. W. Pomeroy ◽  
D. J. Twinn
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Omental Fat ◽  
Mature Size

ABSTRACTIn order to investigate the effects of type of breed on carcass composition, an examination was made of 361 lambs from four breeds: Clun Forest and Colbred (termed ewe breeds); and Suffolk and Hampshire (termed ram breeds). The animals were in four carcass weight groups averaging 15, 17, 19 and 21 kg.Percentage subcutaneous fat was influenced more by carcass weight than by breed, whereas both carcass weight and breed had similar effects on percentage lean. At the mean carcass weight of 18 kg, Colbreds, the leanest breed, had a similar value for percentage lean (about 57 % of carcass tissue weight) to the carcasses over all breeds weighing 15 kg; and Cluns, the fattest breed, had a similar value (about 54%) to those weighing 21 kg. Since the ram breeds were intermediate in composition between the two ewe breeds there was no effect of type of breed on carcass composition. The breed differences were related to eventual mature size and to the stage of maturity at each carcass weight, as judged by body length and bone weight measurements. However, Colbreds were bigger and leaner than published estimates of their mature weight suggested. Humerus weight was a good predictor of lean or total fat weight, explaining 83 % ofvariation when used as a predictor along with carcass weight.Type of breed had a marked effect on internal fat deposition, the ewe breeds having heavier weights of both kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF) and caul fat (omental fat) than the ram breeds; and on the length oflimb bones, the ewe breeds having longer but thinner bones than the ram breeds. The order of the relative growth of the tissues and fat depots was: subcutaneous fat > caul fat > KKCF > intermuscular fat > lean > bone. Therefore, the internal fat depots were later maturing than intermuscular fat.The percentage of prime cuts in the carcass was not affected by carcass weight. Colbreds had significantly lower values than the other breeds. Suffolks had the lowest lean to bone ratio.

Relationships among carcass quality characteristics between and within carcass quartering sites

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Baud ◽  
C. M. Wade ◽  
M. E. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Thickness

Carcass quality characteristics were measured on 511 steers of 4 breeds that were destined for the Japanese market. All steers had carcass measurements taken at the 10th/11th rib interface, while 103 steers had additional measurements made on the same characteristics at the 5th/6th rib interface. Australian marbling score, longissimus muscle area, intramuscular fat percentage, intramuscular water content, Japanese intermuscular fat thickness, Japanese subcutaneous fat thickness, Japanese rib thickness, and meat pH were measured in the study. These measurements allowed the phenotypic relationships between the different carcass quality traits measured at the 10th/11th rib interface to be calculated. Significant positive correlations were observed among measurements of carcass fatness, and significant negative correlations were observed between carcass fatness and carcass water content. Angus and Murray Grey cattle had higher levels of marbling and intramuscular fat than Hereford and Poll Hereford cattle The data enabled Australian, USDA, and Japanese marbling standards to be compared on the basis of intramuscular fat percentage determined by an ether extraction process. Differences between the same carcass characteristics taken at 5th/6th and 10/11th rib interfaces of the longissimus dorsi were estimated from the 103 steers measured at both sites. Correlations between the rib sites were high for marbling, intramuscular fat, and intramuscular water, but low for longissimus muscle area, intermuscular fat thickness, and pH.

Heritability and correlation estimates of Warner-Bratzler shear force and carcass traits from Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, and Simmental-sired cattle

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Minick ◽  
M. E. Dikeman ◽  
E. J. Pollak ◽  
D. E. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Ribeye Area

Heritabilities and correlations of Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), marbling score (MS), hot carcass weight (HCW),12–13th rib-fat (FAT), and ribeye area (REA) were calculated from 3360 Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, and Simmental-sired cattle in the C attleman’s Beef Board Carcass Merit Project. The heritabilities (± SE) for WBSF, MS, HCW, FAT, and REA were 0.34 ± 0.25, 0.43 ± 0.28, 0.73 ± 0.35, 0.16 ± 0.19, and 0.56 ± 0.31 in Angus; 0.43 ± 0.22, 0.30 ± 0.18, 0.21 ± 0.16, 0.35 ± 0.20, and 0.23 ± 0.16 in Charolais; 0.12 ± 0.11, 0.55 ± 0.22, 0.20 ± 0.14, 0.25 ± 0.15 and 0.34 ± 0.17 in Hereford; and 0.16 ± 0.14, 0.44 ± 0.20, 0.45 ± 0.20, 0.23 ± 0.16, and 0.30 ± 0.18 in Simmental. The genetic correlations, averaged across analysis type, for WBSF-MS, WBSF-HCW, WBSF-FAT, WBSF-REA, MS-HCW, MS-FAT, MS-REA, HCW-FAT, HCW-REA, and FAT-REA were -0.17, 0.32, -0.23, 0.30, 0.10, -0.17, 0.39, -0.15, 0.68, and -0.86 in Angus; -0.42, 0.77, 0.52, -0.05, -0.44, -0.22, -0.19, 0.66, -0.05, and -0.24 in Charolais; -0.43, -0.04, -0.33, 0.09, 0.08, 0.79, -0.14, -0.26, 0.50, and -0.38 in Hereford; and 0.55, 0.08, 0.62, -0.08, 0.30, 0.61, -0.14, 0.06, 0.65, and -0.48 in Simmental. Key words: Beef cattle, genetic parameters, carcass quality, tenderness

Carcass quality characteristics of swine selected for reduced backfat thickness and increased growth rate

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Cliplef ◽  
R. M. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Growth Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Seven Generations

Selection for reduced backfat thickness and increased growth rate in Yorkshire (eight generations) and Hampshire (seven generations) swine resulted not only in less backfat but carcasses which were longer with higher percentages of dissectible lean in the fresh hams. Selected carcasses also had a higher incidence of more severe loin lean-fat separation and subjectively perceived softness in the subcutaneous fat. Boar carcasses were longer and leaner with smaller loin eye areas compared with gilt carcasses. Key words: Swine, carcass quality, backfat, growth, selection

Lamb production from diverse genotypes. 2. Carcass characteristics

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Fogarty ◽  
D. L. Hopkins ◽  
R. van de Ven
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Genotype Effect ◽  
Meat Colour ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractCarcass and meat quality characteristics for 2408 cryptorchid and female lambs at mean carcass weights of 24·8 kg and 19·3 kg respectively are reported. The lambs were sired by a selection of Poll Dorset (D; no. = 7), Texel (T; no. = 10), Border Leicester (BL; no. =12) and Merino (M; no. =12) rams and born to Border Leicester × Merino (BLM) and Merino (M) dams. The lambs comprised six genotypes (D×BLM, T×BLM, D×M, T×M, BL×M and M×M) that represent the range of types (second cross, first cross and Merino) produced in the Australian lamb industry. The second cross (D×BLM, T×BLM) and first cross BL×M were fatter than first cross (D×M, T×M) (1 mm at the GR site) and M×M (3 mm GR) carcasses at the same hot carcass weight (P < 0·01). D cross were leaner than T cross for 24 kg cryptorchid carcasses at the С site (P < 0·01) but there was no difference at the GR site or f or 19 kg female carcasses at either site. There was no difference in M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LL) area of first cross and second cross carcasses sired by D and T rams, which were proportionately 0·04 greater than M×M and 0·09 greater than BL×M. The LL area was proportionately 0·04 greater for T than D crosses (P < 0·01). M×M had 0·02 lower dressing yield than other crosses (P < 0·01).There was a significant genotype effect for LL ultimate pH (P < 0·01). BL×M and M×M had higher mean pH and more carcasses than the other genotypes with pH greater than the critical value of 5·8 for meat quality. There were no significant differences between the genotypes for chromameter measures of meat colour. Implications for the production and processing sectors of the lamb industry are discussed.

scholarly journals Prediction of meat quality in Bali cattle using ultrasound imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
J. Jakaria ◽  
H. Khasanah ◽  
R. Priyanto ◽  
M. Baihaqi ◽  
M. F. Ulum
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Rf Measurement ◽  
Age Variations ◽  
Bali Cattle

The objective of this study were to predict carcass quality characteristics in Bali cattle using ultrasound imagery. The Number of samples were 81 heads of Bali cattle consist of bulls (62 heads) and cows (19 heads) with various age ranging from 1 to 6 years were collected their body weight and carcass qualities including backfat thickness (BF), longissmus dorsi thickness (LD), rump fat thickness (RF), rump thickness (RT), marbling score (MS) and the percentage of intramuscular fat (PIF). Those were estimated using ultrasound performed on 4.5-6,5 MHz frequency with depth of 8.8-13 cm. The BF, LD, MS and PIF measurement were applied on 12th-13th ribs, while the RT and RF measurement were conducted between ischium and illium. MS determination was calculated using Aus-Meat standard, while PIF was analysis based on Deaton and Rouse (2000). Body weight and carcass quality among traits were analyzed using descriptive and correlation procedures. The results showed that performance of body weight and carcass quality differs between Bali bulls and Bali cows, as well as among the age variations. Correlation analyses among traits (body weight and carcass quality) showed strong positive correlation (P<0.05) ranging from 0.291 to 0.938. In conclusion, ultrasound imaging method could be used to estimate carcass quality characteristics in Bali cattle.

Carcass and meat quality of second-cross cryptorchid lambs grazed on chicory (Cichorium intybus) or lucerne (Medicago sativa)

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Hopkins ◽  
PJ Holst ◽  
DG Hall ◽  
WR Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
B Values ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
The Mean

The meat quality of cross-bred cryptorchid lambs (6 months old) that had been grazed on chicory (Cichorium intybus; n = 20) or lucerne (Medicago sativa; n = 20) for 8 weeks preslaughter was studied. Unfasted preslaughter liveweight (range 42.5-51.5 kg) was not affected (P>0.05) by treatment. There was no difference (P>0.05) between groups for age at slaughter, hot carcass weight, or measures of fatness GR and Fat C (fat depth over longissimus thoracis et lumborum) when adjusted to a common carcass weight of 21.9 kg. Lucerne-fed lambs were, however, significantly (P<0.05) fatter at the 5th rib. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference between groups for pH, colour values (where L* indicates relative lightness, a* relative redness, b* relative yellowness), Warner-Bratzler shear values, or cooking loss. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference between groups for mean fat colour score or for the distribution of the scores. The b* values for subcutaneous fat tended (P = 0.06) to be greater for lucerne-fed lambs. A comparison of the mean values for aroma and flavour of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum showed no significant (P>0.05) difference between groups and no difference in overall acceptability. Finishing lambs on the chicory cultivar used in this experiment did not adversely affect meat quality and did not result in fatter carcasses than lucerne-fed lambs.

EFFECT OF HIGH CONCENTRATE FEEDING ON THE CARCASS QUALITY AND FAT COLORATION OF GRASS-REARED STEERS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. FORREST
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Excessive Amount ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feeding Period

Fifty yearling beef steers of primarily mixed British beef breeding, and averaging 237.8 kg (SD = 23.47) were reared on grass from April to October. They were then placed in a feedlot for finishing and serially slaughtered over a 112-day feeding period. Feedlot gains averaged 0.64 kg/day, while carcass weight increased from 380.8 to 450.2 kg and rib fat increased from 18.7 to 30.8%. After 56 days in the feedlot, all carcasses graded either A-1 or A-2. After 28 days, the amber fat color, as scored by Federal Government graders, had been reduced from 6.5 to 4.5 when rated on a scale ranging from 1 (white) to 9 (intense amber). Carotene analysis of the carcass fat demonstrated a significant reduction (P < 0.05) from 0.28 to 0.17 mg/100 g fat during the first 28-day feeding period. These findings indicate that yearling steers reared on grass and not carrying an excessive amount of subcutaneous fat can produce A-1 carcasses, with acceptable coloration, after a concentrate feedlot finishing period of 56 days.

The effects of level of feeding of sows during pregnancy. III. Body composition

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
R. M. Macpherson ◽  
G. A. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Daily Allowance ◽  
The Mean

1. Four groups of three litter-sister Large White gilts were given during four successive pregnancies a daily meal allowance of either 2·70 kg (High), 1·35 (Low) or 1·35 kg for 76 days followed by 2·70 kg until parturition (Low-High). During 8-week lactation periods all received the same daily allowance of 1·8 kg meal plus 0·35 kg for each piglet suckled.2. On the 100th day of the fourth pregnancy all sows were slaughtered. The major internal organs were weighed and measurements recorded of the length of carcass and backfat thickness at shoulder, midback and loin. The carcasses were then separated into bone, skin, subcutaneous fat and muscles plus intermuscular fat. The weights of radius-ulna, tibia-fibula, humerus and femur were recorded.3. In each of the treatment groups the live-weight changes of the sows in the fourth pregnancy were almost identical to those in the third pregnancy.4. The mean total carcass weights for the High, Low and Low-High sows were 154, 92 and 110 kg respectively, and the mean subcutaneous fat contents of the carcasses 14, 4 and 6 kg respectively.5. The relative proportions of the weights of the organs to carcass weight, weight of bone to weight of muscle plus intermuscular fat, and the weight of individual bones to total bone weight were relatively unaffected by the treatments after allowance had been made for total carcass weight.6. The implications of the changes in body composition on the lifetime reproductive performance of sows are discussed.

Age does not necessarily influence latency of event-related potentials

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 723-727
Author(s):  
M. Westermann ◽  
I. W. Husstedt ◽  
A. Okegwo ◽  
S. Evers
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Mean ◽  
P3 Component

SummaryEvent-related potentials (ERP) are regarded as age dependent. However, it is not known whether this is an intrinsic property of ERP or an extrinsic factor. We designed a setting in which ERP were evoked using a modified oddball paradigm with highly differentiable and detectable target and non-target stimuli. A total of 98 probands were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the latency and amplitude of the P3 component of visually evoked ERP. The mean P3 latency was 294 ± 28 ms and was not related to age (r = –0.089; p = 0.382; Spearman-rank-correlation). The P3 amplitude was related to age in the total sample (r = –0.323; p = 0.001; Spearmanrank-correlation) but not in the probands under the age of 60 years. There were no significant differences regarding sex. Our findings suggest that ERP are not age dependent if highly differentiable and detectable stimuli are used. This should be considered when normal values of ERP are created for clinical use.

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