Level of endoparasite infection in free-living wild boars in relation to carcass weight and sex

Research into the determination of intestinal parasitic levels in free-living animals can provide knowledge enabling action to be taken to improve their health status. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the carcass weight of wild boars and the degree of endoparasite infection. The research was performed on 165 culled wild boars, from which a representative group (n = 50) was separated and divided according to sex (males n = 24, females n = 26) and age (2-3 years). Separate weight groups were defined for males (< 70 kg, n = 6; 70-80 kg, n = 9; > 80 kg, n = 9) and females (< 45 kg, n = 10; 45-60 kg, n = 10; > 60 kg, n = 6). Oesophagostomum spp., Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Eimeria spp. and Strongyloides ransomi were observed and defined in the study population. A statistically significant effect of the overall infection on carcass weight was obtained (F = 9.96; P ≤ 0.01). In the case of overall infection, a more than 7 kg lower carcass weight was observed in infected males. A carcass weight over 15 kg lower was noted for overall infection of females (F = 38.47; P ≤ 0.01), for which average EPG was 2946.67 ± 6485.31 with a median of 400 (50-25 300). Correlations were proven between sex and the average number of Eimeria spp. oocysts, and carcass weight for males (r = –0.84, P ≤ 0.05). In the case of females, correlations were noted between carcass weight and infection by nematodes (r = –0.63, P ≤ 0.05). Studies have shown that there is a need to monitor the environment in order to improve the condition of free-living animals.

Effects of Dietary Incorporation of Grape Stalks Untreated and Fungi-Treated in Growing Rabbits: A Preliminary Study

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of untreated grape stalks (UGS) and fungi-treated grape stalks (Lentinula edodes, TGS) in rabbits’ diets. The control group was fed with a control diet without grape stalks (C), two experimental groups were fed on diets with 5% and 10% incorporation of UGS (5UGS and 10UGS), and two with 5% and 10% incorporation of TGS (5TGS and 10TGS). Rabbits fed with TGS diets showed higher daily weight gain (p = 0.034), feed conversion rate (p = 0.002), carcass weight (p = 0.038), and reference carcass weight (p = 0.03) when compared to the control diet. Moreover, animals fed with TGS diets showed an increase in the caecum (p = 0.015) and small intestine (p = 0.021) lengths and in the total volatile fatty acid content (p = 0.005) compared to animals fed UGS diets. Blood triglyceride levels were lower in animals fed with TGS diets compared to UGS (p = 0.005) and C (p ≤ 0.001) diets (12% and 19% lower, respectively), and a trend to lower cholesterol levels was observed (p = 0.071). Meat from rabbits fed with TGS diets had higher levels of linoleic acid, γ-linolenic, ∑ω-6, ∑PUFA, and ∑PUFA/∑SFA ratio compared to rabbits fed with the C diet. Results indicated that grape stalks (UGS and TGS) could be effectively used as an alternative raw material in rabbits’ diets without compromising animal performance.

Pengaruh Ransum Basal Dan Feed Additive yang Berbeda Terhadap Bobot, Persentase Karkas Dan Recahan Karkas Ayam Broiler

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different basal diet and feed additive on the percentage of carcass and component parts of broilers. This research has been conducted for four months (June to September 2020) at State Polytechnic of Agriculture Kupang. A total of 264 one-day old chicks were distributed to 24 pens (11 birds/pen).The experiment was designed using a 2 x 4 factorial design with 8 tretment combinations and three replications for each treatment. The treatments were control (0% sago) (P0), control (0% sago) + avyzime 0,10 % and phyzyme 0,05% (P1), control (0% sago) + allzime 0,05% (P2), control (0% sago) + synbiotic probio FMplus 40 mL/L drinking water (P3), Diet containing 10% sago (P4), Diet containing 10% sago + allzyme 0,10 % and phyzyme 0,05% (P5), Diet containing 10% sago + allzyme 0,05% (P6) and Diet containing 10% sago + synbiotic probio FMplus 40 mL/L drinking water (P7). The result shows that type of basal diet (TBD) and feed additive (FA) affect (P < 0,05) the carcass weight but it did not afect (P>0,05) carcass percentage of broiler chickens. Except for thigh, TBD did not affect (P>0,05) on component parts of carcass. Feed additive had no effect (P>0,05) on carcass component, with the exception of thigh. Interaction between TBD x FA was significant (P<0,05) only for weight and percentage of carcass and back percentage of broilers. Broilers fed basal diet A plus Allzyme SSF-E had lower weight and percentage of carcass and also back percentage than other treatment diets. To sum up,, 1) basal diet B produced higher carcass weight than basal diet A; 2) supplementation of Allzyme SSF-E on basal diet A reduced the weight and percentage of broiler carcass.

Spray chilling on carcass weight loss, and physicochemical and microbiological quality of beef cuts during storage

ABSTRACT: Different chilling treatments are used before meat storage. The effect of spray chilling (SC) on meat quality appears to vary. Here, we investigated the effects of SC on beef carcass weight loss and meat quality during subsequent storage. The 2-h SC program tested involved 180-s initial spraying, followed by 60-s spray cycles at 540-s intervals. Deboned chuck tender (IMPS 116B) beef cuts were vacuum-packaged and stored for up to 60 d. Purge and cooking losses, Warner-Bratzler shear force, meat colour [CIE L*, a*, b*], and microbiological quality were evaluated. SC reduced carcass weight loss (P<0.001) compared with conventional chilling. However, storage time affected the purge and cooking losses, and Warner-Bratzler shear force. CIE a* and b* values increased (P<0.05) after 30-d aging in both chilling treatments. Pronounced psychrotrophic growth was observed during storage after both treatments. In conclusion, SC can be used to reduce the economic losses associated with meat chilling, without affecting meat quality attributes.

Hubungan Ukuran Tubuh dengan Bobot Badan dan Bobot Karkas Bandikut (Echymipera rufescens) Di Kampung Manawi Distrik Angkaisera Kabupaten Kepulauan Yapen

Bandicoot (Echypera rufescens) is an alternative source of animal protein and a source of germplasm for humans, especially local communities in Papua. These animals are obtained by hunting and/or setting traps in the community's closest habitat. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between body measurements and body weight and carcass weight by utilizing 32 bandicoots, 16 males and 16 females, with a live weight range of 400 - 2000 grams in Yapen Island Regency, Papua. The study was conducted by using an explorative study and the data were analyzed using multiple correlations and regression. The carcass was obtained by slaughtering the head, removing the blood, and then removing the hair by burning (singeing). The average body weight of male bandicoots was 1403 grams and that of females was 598.75 grams, while the average carcass weights of males and females were 1050.06 grams and 415 grams, respectively. The average heart girth of male bandicoots is 23.03 cm and that of females is 17.81 cm, while the average body length of male and female bandicoots is 25.19 cm and 18.91 cm, respectively. The average percentage of male bandicoot carcasses was 73.99 cm and that of females was 69.22 cm. The correlation coefficient between body weight and body measurements was 0.911 while the carcass weight and body measurements were 0.901. The correlation between body weight and carcass of male bandicoots were 0.911 and 0.901. The correlation between body weight and carcass of female bandicoot were 0.702 and 0.747. The regression equation for male bandicoots to estimate body weight (BB) and carcass weight (BK) were BB = (-1705, 594+84,432 X1 +46,234X2) and (BK = -432,092 +71,545 X1 +33,127X2). The female bandicoot regression equations to estimate body weight (BB) and carcass weight (BK) were: (BB = -509,134+39,437 X1 +21,443X2) and (BK= -436,703 +31,720 X1 +15,164X2). Keywords: Bandicut (Echypera rufescens); Carcass length; Carcass weight; Carcass; Heart girth; Live weight; Singeing Abstrak Bandikut (Echypera rufescens) merupakan salah satu sumber alternatif protein hewani dan sumber plasma nutfa bagi manusia khususnya masyarakat lokal yang berada di Papua. Hewan ini diperoleh dengan cara berburu dan/atau pemasangan jerat di habitat terdekat masyarakat. Penelitian tentang hewan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara ukuran-ukuran tubuh dengan bobot badan dan bobot karkas dengan memanfaatkan 32 ekor bandikut masing-masing 16 ekor jantan dan 16 ekor betina dengan kisaran berat hidup 400 - 2000 gram. Karkas diperoleh dengan cara bagian kepala disembelih, dikeluarkan darah kemudian dilakukan penghilangan bulu dengan cara dibakar (singeing). Karkas terdiri dari daging, tulang dan lemak setelah kepala, isi rongga dada dan perut, kaki belakang bagian bawah dan kaki depan bagian bawah serta ekor dikeluarkan. Rata-rata bobot badan bandikut jantan adalah 1403 gram dan betina adalah 598,75 gram, sedangkan rata-rata bobot karkas jantan dan betina masing-masing adalah 1050,06 gram dan 415 gram. Rata-rata lingkar dada bandikut jantan adalah 23,03 cm dan betina adalah 17,81 cm, sedangkan rata-rata panjang badan bandikut jantan dan betina berturut-turut adalah 25,19 cm dan 18,91 cm. Rata-rata persentase karkas bandikut jantan adalah 73,99 cm dan betina adalah 69,22 cm. Koefisien korelasi antara bobot badan dengan ukuran-ukuran tubuh adalah 0,911 sedangkan antara bobot karkas dengan ukuran-ukuran tubuh adalah 0,901. Korelasi bobot badan dan karkas bandikut jantan adalah 0,911 dan 0.901. Korelasi bobot badan dan karkas bandikut betina adalah sebesar 0,702 dan 0,747. Persamaan regresi bandikut jantan untuk menduga bobot badan (BB) dan bobot karkas (BK) adalah BB = (-1705, 594+84,432 X1 +46,234X2 dan BK = -432,092 +71,545 X1 +33,127X2. Persamaan regresi bandikut betina untuk menduga bobot badan (BB) dan bobot karkas (BK) adalah BB = -509,134+39,437 X1 +21,443X2 dan BK= -436,703 +31,720 X1 +15,164X2. Kata kunci: Bandicut (Echypera rufescens); Berat karkas; Berat potong; Karkas; Lingkar dada; Panjang karkas.

A Research on the Comparative Effect of Active Dry Yeast and Inactivated-Stabilized Probiotic Yeast (Thepax) Added at Different Levels to Diets on Broiler Performance

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of active yeast (AY) and inactive-stabilized yeast (Thepax) supplementation to the rations in different levels on broiler performance. In the experiment carried out according to the randomized plot design, there were 5 different treatment groups as control group (Group 1), 0.1% Thepax (Group 2), 0.2% Thepax (Group 3), 0.1% AY (Group 4) and 0.2% AY (Group 5). In the experiment, the effects of active and inactive yeasts on body weight gain (BWG), feed consumption, feed conversion rate, carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (CY), abdominal fat amount and mortality were investigated. In the present experiment, the final live weight, the cumulative feed consumption and feed conversion were insignificant. The statistical difference between the groups in the experiment was significant in carcass weight, but insignificant in the amount of abdominal fat and mortality rate. Inactive-stabilized yeast (Thepax 0.1%) was more effective than 0.2% AY on BWG. Only 0.1% Thepax increased the CW besides CY was high in 0.1%, 0.2% Thepax and 0.1% AY groups. It has been observed that active and inactive yeasts are used in broiler chickens without any problem.

Use of spineless cactus associated with legume hay in the feedlot-finishing of lambs in semi-arid regions

The objective of this study were to examine the effects of diets containing spineless cactus associated with hays of different legume species [gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), “catingueira” (Caesalpinia bracteosa), “sabiá” (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth) and “catanduva” (Piptadenia moniliformis Benth)] on the intake, digestibility, performance and carcass traits of lambs. Twenty-four ½ Santa Inês × ½ Soinga lambs with an average body weight of 21.4 ± 2.53 kg were distributed into four treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of diets formulated with the association of spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) and hay of four legume species, namely, “catanduva”, “sabiá” “catingueira” and gliricidia. The lowest intakes (P<0.05) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total carbohydrates occurred in the animals that received the diet containing catingueira hay. However, there were no diet effects (P>0.05) on the intakes of crude protein (CP), ether extract and non-fibrous carbohydrates. The diets also did not change (P>0.05) the weight gain (0.197 kg/day) or final weight (33.18 kg) of the lambs or the apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP and NDF. Consequently, the parameters of live weight at slaughter (34.10 kg), hot carcass weight (14.81 kg), cold carcass weight (14.66 kg), hot carcass yield (45.60%) and cold carcass yield (45.07%) exhibited the no response to treatment. In addition to these variables, the diets also did not influence subcutaneous fat thickness (2.54 mm), longissimus muscle area (13.34 cm2), morphometric measurements of the carcass, or the proportions of muscle and fat. Therefore, legume hays associated with spineless cactus can be used to feed ½ Santa Inês × ½ Soinga lambs in the feedlot, as this strategy provides heavy animals at the time of slaughter and carcasses with desirable degrees of muscularity and adiposity.

Effects of Donkeys Rearing System on Performance Indices, Carcass, and Meat Quality

This study compared growth rates, carcass, and meat quality obtained from 24 male crossbred donkey foals reared for meat production under an intensive (I) or extensive (E) feeding system. Donkeys were slaughtered at 16 months of age; the average final body weight, hot and cold carcass weight, and hot and cold dressing percentage were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the I group. Samples of Longissimus Thoracis et Lumborum (LTL) were taken from each foal for chemical and physical analysis. Group I showed significant (p < 0.05) higher intramuscular fat, while the E group showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher protein and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) contents, including n-3 essential fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) and glycogen were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the intensive system, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were significantly higher in the extensive system. The ratio PUFA/SFA was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in group E. The Thrombogenic Index (TI) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the I group. Meat tenderness was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in group I. The feeding system had no effect on cholesterol content and meat color characteristics. Donkeys average daily gain, carcass weight, and some meat quality parameters were significantly affected by the rearing system.

Effects of Thermally Oxidized Vegetable Oil on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics, Gut Morphology, Nutrients Utilization, Serum Cholesterol and Meat Fatty Acid Profile in Broilers

The impacts of dietary levels of oxidized vegetable (sunflower) oil on growth performance, gut morphology, nutrients utilization, serum cholesterol and meat fatty acid profile were evaluated in Ross 308 straight-run (n = 192) day-old broilers. The broilers were arbitrarily distributed among four dietary treatments including; FVO: fresh vegetable oil (1 mEq kg−1), LOO: low oxidized (20 mEq kg−1), MOO: moderately oxidized (40 mEq kg−1), and HOO: highly oxidized vegetable oil (60 mEq kg−1) with 5% inclusion containing six replicates. Results revealed that the broilers consuming MOO and HOO based diets showed reduced (p = 0.05) feed intake, body weight gain and carcass weight accompanied by a poorer feed conversion ratio than those consuming FVO. Villus height, villus height to crypt depth ratio, ileal digestibility of crude protein (p = 0.041), crude fat (p = 0.032) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.001) in thigh muscles were decreased, whereas crypt depth (p = 0.001), serum cholesterol levels (p = 0.023) and short chain fatty acids (p = 0.001) were increased (p < 0.001) by increasing dietary oxidation level. In conclusion, MOO and HOO exerted deleterious effects on growth, carcass weight, gut development and nutrients utilization. Low oxidized vegetable oil (20 mEq kg−1), however, with minimum negative effects can be used as a cost effective energy source in poultry diets.

Slaughter Results, Meat Chemical Composition and pH of Aberdinangus, Hereford and Limousin bulls

Beef production must combine the interests of both producers and consumers, taking into account the sustainable use of environmental resources. The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the slaughter results, meet chemical composition and pH value of three beef breeds – Aberdinangus (AA), Hereford (HF) and Limousin (LI) bulls. The bulls were fattened on Latvian and Lithuanian farms, mainly using grass forage. The breed and age of bulls before slaughter significantly affected all slaughter results, except for fat class. From the meat chemical composition traits, the bull breed and age before slaughter had a significant effect only on the protein content. LI bulls showed the highest carcass weight 301.1±6.8 kg (p<0.05), dressing percentage 58.2±1.1% (p<0.05) and conformation score 3.56±0.18 points. The best fattened carcasses were obtained from AA bulls - 2.43±0.20 points. Muscle samples of musculus longissimus (M. longissimus) bulls of LI breed showed higher content of moisture (72.0±1.0%), protein (23.0±0.2%), ash (1.1±0.0%) and cholesterol (56.7±6.6 mg 100 g−1). AA breed bulls showed higher total fat (6.6±1.2%) and iron content (13.1±0.6 mg). The highest pH was observed in the meat obtained from AA bulls – 6.0±0.1, LI and HF breed bulls showed pH 5.8±0.0 and 5.8±0.1 respectively. Correlation analysis showed a significant, strong positive correlation between cold carcass weight and dressing percentage for AA and LI bulls, r=0.90 and r=0.88, respectively. For LI breed bulls, a strong positive correlation was also found between the cold carcass weight and the conformation score (r=0.98, p<0.01).