Metabolism of 14C-buthidazole in corn (Zea mays L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)*

Weed Research ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRITONK HATZIOS ◽  
DONALD PENNER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Redroot Pigweed

Interference of Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) in Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Stephan F. Weise ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Emergence Date

Redroot pigweed is a major weed in corn throughout Ontario. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in 1991 and 1992 to determine the influence of selected densities and emergence times of redroot pigweed on corn growth and grain yield. Redroot pigweed densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 plants per m of row were established within 12.5 cm on either side of the corn row. In both years, redroot pigweed seeds were planted concurrently and with corn at the 3- to 5-leaf stage of corn growth. A density of 0.5 redroot pigweed per m of row from the first (earlier) emergence date of pigweed (in most cases, up to the 4-leaf stage of corn) or four redroot pigweed per m of row from the second (later) emergence date of pigweed (in most cases, between the 4- and 7-leaf stage of corn) reduced corn yield by 5%. Redroot pigweed emerging after the 7-leaf stage of corn growth did not reduce yield. Redroot pigweed seed production was dependent upon its density and time of emergence. The time of redroot pigweed emergence, relative to corn, may be more important than its density in assessing the need for postemergence control.

scholarly journals Effect of reduced herbicide rates on weed control, environmental impact and profitability of corn

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-975
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Richard J Vyn ◽  
Laura L Van Eerd ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Peter H Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Biomass Reduction

A study was conducted over a 3-yr period (2003, 2004, and 2005) to evaluate the effect of reduced herbicide rates - 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the manufacturer’s recommended rate (MRR) - on weed biomass reduction, environmental impact (EI), yield, and profitability of corn (Zea mays L.) in Ontario. The herbicide rate required to provide 95% biomass reduction of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), and annual grasses was 92, 30, 41, 28, and 83% of the MRR for isoxaflutole plus atrazine, >200, 119, 23, 23, and 117% of the MRR for dimethenamid plus dicamba/atrazine, 141, 72, 46, 45, and >200% of the MRR for glufosinate plus atrazine, and 81, 29, 18, 24, and 88% of the MRR for nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron plus dicamba/diflufenzopyr, respectively. The herbicide rate required to provide 95% of weed-free corn yield was 61, 22, 130, and 11% of the MRR for isoxaflutole plus atrazine, dimethenamid plus dicamba/atrazine, glufosinate plus atrazine, and nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron plus dicamba/diflufenzopyr, respectively. Nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron plus dicamba/diflufenzopyr had the lowest EI. The results of profitability analysis suggested that the MRR rates do not tend to maximize profit margins. In most cases, there were no significant differences in profit margins for treatments with 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the MRR. Key words: Atrazine, dicamba, diflufenzopyr, dimethenamid, glufosinate, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, Zea mays L.

Phytotoxical effect of Lepidium draba L. extracts on the germination and growth of monocot (Zea mays L.) and dicot (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Kaya ◽  
Ozkan Aksakal ◽  
Serap Sunar ◽  
Filiz Aygun Erturk ◽  
Sedat Bozari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Lepidium Draba ◽  
Germination And Growth

Herbicide and Phosphorus Influence on Root Absorption of Amiben and Atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry D. Doll ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
William F. Meggitt
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Proportional Decrease

In the presence of relatively high but non-toxic levels of phosphate, the suppression of corn (Zea mays L.) or squash (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) seedling growth in the dark by 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (amiben) or 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) was enhanced. This effect was not due to increased uptake of either herbicide in the presence of the phosphate by roots of corn, squash, soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), or redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). A proportional decrease in herbicide uptake with increasing herbicide concentration was most evident for amiben and atrazine uptake by the roots of soybean plants grown in the light.

Weed Seed Decline in Irrigated Soil after Six Years of Continuous Corn(Zea mays)and Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Robert L. Zimdahl
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
The Impact

The impact of two weed management systems on the weed seed reserves of the soil, on the yearly weed problem, and on corn (Zea maysL.) production was assessed where corn was grown under furrow irrigation for 6 consecutive years. In one system, 2.2 kg/ha of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] was applied annually to the same plots as a preemergence treatment. In the other system, a mixture of 1.7 kg/ha of atrazine plus 2.2 kg/ha of alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] was applied preemergence, followed by a postemergence application of 0.6 kg/ha of the alkanolamine salts of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]. The response of weeds and corn is presented only where atrazine was applied annually because the results were similar between both weed management systems. Weed seeds from eight annual species were identified, with redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL. ♯ AMARE) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album♯ CHEAL) comprising 82 and 12%, respectively, of the initial 1.3 billion weed seeds/ha that were present in the upper 25 cm of the soil profile. After the sixth cropping year, the overall decline in the total number of redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters seeds was 99 and 94%, respectively. Very few weeds produced seeds during the first 5 yr, and no weed seeds were produced during the sixth year where atrazine was applied annually. When the use of atrazine was discontinued on one-half of each plot at the beginning of the fourth year, the weed seed reserve in soil began to increase due to an increase in the weed population. After 3 yr of not using atrazine, the weed seed reserve in soil had built up to over 648 million seeds/ha, and was then within 50% of the initial weed seed population. In the fifth and sixth years, grain yields were reduced 39 and 14%, respectively, where atrazine had been discontinued after 3 yr.

Control of Triazine-Resistant Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) and Two Pigweed Species (Amaranthusspp.) in Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Patrick Fuerst ◽  
Michael Barrett ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Various chemical treatments were evaluated over two growing seasons for control of triazine-resistant common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. # CHEAL) and for control of a triazine-resistant infestation containing both redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL. # AMARE) and Powell amaranth (A. powelliiS. Wats. # AMAPO). Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile}, and metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] provided unsatisfactory control of these biotypes. Satisfactory control of common lambsquarters was obtained with preemergence applications of pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] or dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), or postemergence applications of dicamba, bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), or bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide]. Satisfactory control of pigweed was obtained with preemergence applications of alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] or postemergence treatments of dicamba, bromoxynil, or 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid].

Site of Uptake and Translocation of14C-Buthidazole in Corn (Zea mays) and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kriton K. Hatzios ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Rapid Movement ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Main Pathway

Uptake and translocation of14C-buthidazole {3-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-imidazolidinone} in corn (Zea maysL.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) were studied following both foliar and root treatments under greenhouse and growth chamber environments. Following foliar application,14C-buthidazole was absorbed by the leaves of corn and redroot pigweed seedlings in similar amounts. Translocation occurred only toward the tip of the treated leaves in corn, whereas in redroot pigweed the14C moved both acropetally and basipetally. Rapid uptake by the roots and rapid movement to the leaves via the xylem seems to be the main pathway of uptake and translocation of14C-buthidazole supplied to the roots of redroot pigweed plants. Uptake by both the roots and the emerging coleoptile and transport to the foliage seems to be the pattern of absorption and translocation of buthidazole in corn following preemergence application. Differences in absorption did not appear to be an important factor contributing to selectivity of buthidazole between corn and redroot pigweed. However, translocation of14C-buthidazole supplied to the roots was faster to the redroot pigweed shoots than to corn shoots.

Influence de l'âge sur les caractéristiques photosynthétiques de la feuille de maïs, Zea mays L

Agronomie ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier BETHENOD ◽  
Christine JACOB ◽  
Jean-Claude RODE ◽  
Jean-François MOROT-GAUDRY
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L
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