scholarly journals Give ‘til it hurts: trade-offs between immunity and male reproductive effort in the decorated cricket,Gryllodes sigillatus

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. GERSHMAN ◽  
C. A. BARNETT ◽  
A. M. PETTINGER ◽  
C. B. WEDDLE ◽  
J. HUNT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Gryllodes Sigillatus ◽  
Male Reproductive Effort ◽  
Decorated Cricket

Life history of tundra-dwelling wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from the Yukon Territory, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 714-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Bowden ◽  
C.M. Buddle
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Wolf Spiders ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
History Of

We studied populations of three tundra-dwelling wolf spider (Lycosidae) species to determine reproductive trait relationships and developmental timing in the Arctic. We collected 451 Pardosa lapponica (Thorell, 1872), 176 Pardosa sodalis Holm, 1970, and 117 Pardosa moesta Banks, 1892 during summer 2008. We used log-likelihood ratio tests and multiple linear regressions to determine the best predictors of fecundity and relative reproductive effort. Female body size best explained the variation in fecundity and body condition was the best predictor for relative reproductive effort. We tested for a trade-off between the allocation of resources to individual eggs and the number of eggs produced (fecundity) within each species using linear regression. There was variation in detectable egg size and number trade-offs among sites and these may be related to local variation in resource allocation linked to density-related biotic or abiotic factors. These findings contribute to knowledge about the fitness of arctic wolf spiders in the region of study and are particularly relevant in light of the effects that climate changes are predicted to have on the arctic fauna.

Trade-offs, the allocation of reproductive effort, and the evolutionary psychology of human mating

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Gangestad ◽  
Jeffry A. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Special Design ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Human Mating ◽  
Genetic Fitness

This response reinforces several major themes in our target article: (a) the importance of sex-specific, within-sex variation in mating tactics; (b) the relevance of optimality thinking to understanding that variation; (c) the significance of special design for reconstructing evolutionary history; (d) the replicated findings that women's mating preferences vary across their menstrual cycle in ways revealing special design; and (e) the importance of applying market phenomena to understand the complex dynamics of mating. We also elaborate on three points: (1) Men who have indicators of genetic fitness may provide more direct benefits when female demand for extra-pair and short-term sex is very low; (2) both men and women track ecological cues to make mating decisions; and (3) more research on female orgasm is needed.

Life histories of North American game birds: a reanalysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1906-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd W. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North American ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Game Birds ◽  
The Cost

Recently, Zammuto (R. M. Zammuto. 1986. Can. J. Zool. 64: 2739–2749) suggested that North American game birds exhibited survival–fecundity trade-offs consistent with the "cost of reproduction" hypothesis. However, there were four serious problems with the data and the analyses that Zammuto used: (i) the species chosen for analysis ("game birds") showed little taxonomic or ecological uniformity, (ii) the measures of future reproductive value (maximum longevity) were severely biased by unequal sample sizes of band recoveries, (iii) the measures of current reproductive effort (clutch sizes) were inappropriate given that most of the birds analyzed produce self-feeding precocial offspring, and (iv) the statistical units used in the majority of analyses (species) were not statistically independent with respect to higher level taxonomy. After correcting these problems, I found little evidence of survival–fecundity trade-offs among precocial game birds, and I attribute most of the explainable variation in life-history traits of these birds to allometry, phylogeny, and geography.

Intraspecific variation in reproductive effort by female Parapediasia teterrella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its relation to body size

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry D. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Daily egg production of the moth Parapediasia teterrella declined over the life-span of the female but egg size remained constant. The absence of water resulted in lower fecundity and early mortality. Egg size and lifetime fecundity showed considerable inter-individual variation and large females produced more and larger eggs than their smaller counterparts. Large females expended greater reproductive effort than small females. Hatching success was negatively related to egg size. In spite of this, large females laying large eggs had higher fitness than small females. I postulate that multiple reproductive strategies within a species, resulting from differences in reproductive effort expended, may explain why expected trade-offs in reproductive parameters (e.g., egg size versus egg number) were not found in this species. Furthermore, I argue that the prevalent interpretation of life-history evolution (that body size is the important determining parameter of life-history parameters) may reflect correlation of body size with reproductive effort, and reproductive effort may be more important in determining the nature of trade-offs between reproductive parameters.

scholarly journals Using life history trade-offs to understand core-transient structuring of a small mammal community

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R Supp ◽  
David N. Koons ◽  
S. K. Morgan Ernest
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Transient Species ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Core Species ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Source Sink

An emerging conceptual framework suggests that communities are comprised of two main groups of species: core species that are temporally persistent, and transient species that are temporally intermittent. Core and transient species have been shown to differ in spatiotemporal turnover, diversity patterns, and importantly, survival strategies targeted at local vs. regional habitat use. While the core-transient framework has typically been a site-specific designation for species, we suggest that if core and transient species have local vs. regional survival strategies across sites, and consistently differ in population-level spatial structure and gene flow, they may also exhibit different life-history strategies. Specifically, core species should display relatively low dispersal rates, low reproductive effort, high ecological specialization and high survival rates compared to transient species, which may display a wider range of traits given that transience may result from source-sink dynamics or from the ability to emigrate readily. We present results from 21 years of capture-mark-recapture data in a diverse rodent community, evaluating the linkages between temporal persistence, local abundance, and trade-offs among life-history traits. Core species at our site conservatively supported our hypotheses, differing in ecological specialization, survival and dispersal probabilities, and reproductive effort from transient species. Transient species exhibited a wider range of characteristics, which likely stems from the multiple processes generating source-sink dynamics and nomadic transience in local communities. We suggest that trait associations among core-transient species may be similar in other systems and warrants further study.

scholarly journals Melanin-Based Black Plumage Coloration is Related to Reproductive Investment in Cardueline Finches

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Bókony ◽  
András Liker
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Sexual Signals ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
Structural Colors ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Different Color

Abstract Avian color ornaments produced by different mechanisms (i.e., melanin, carotenoid, and structural colors) can communicate different sets of information due to differences in their condition or developmental constraints. Although this suggests that different color signals should be analyzed separately, few comparative studies have focused on specific types of coloration. In cardueline finches, interspecific variation in overall plumage brightness (which integrates all types of coloration) was previously shown to be affected by sexual selection and to covary with fecundity and parental care. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach, we extended this line of research and tested whether a specific component of plumage ornamentation, the melanin-based black frontal coloration of finches, showed a similar association with reproductive effort. We found that the extent of male melanization and melanin dichromatism increased in species with reduced clutch sizes, whereas female melanization was negatively correlated with incubation length. These results remained significant when we controlled for the effects of several ecological variables, and were also consistent between two alternative multivariate model-selection approaches. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that interspecific variation in melanization may be related to fecundity and parental care through trade-offs between investment in sexual signals and parental efforts.

Reproductive Effort and Costs

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Reproductive Costs ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Differential Allocation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Potential Benefits

Predictions about life-history evolution are intellectually bereft without a consideration of trade-offs. Benefits derived from making one life-history ‘decision’ are made at a cost of not realizing potential benefits associated with alternative decisions. These trade-offs are the inevitable product of constraints, often driven by an individual’s differential allocation of fixed resources to reproduction versus survival or growth. These allocations prevent multiple positive outcomes from being simultaneously realized. Reproductive effort is the proportion of total energy or resources allocated to all elements of reproduction. Reproductive effort generates reproductive costs. Increases in current reproductive effort reduce future reproductive success by affecting survival, growth, and/or fecundity. The causal mechanisms of these costs can be energetic, ecological, behavioural, or genetic. Evidence for reproductive costs is widespread. Instances where the evidence of costs is equivocal are usually caused by using among-individual correlations to study what is a within-individual phenomenon.

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