Significance of Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction Results in HIV-Seronegative Individuals

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Soriano ◽  
I. Hewlett ◽  
M. Gutiérrez ◽  
A. Heredia ◽  
R. Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Clinical Presentation of Patients with Aseptic Meningitis, Factors Influencing Treatment and Hospitalization, and Consequences of Enterovirus Cerebrospinal Fluid Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. e1-e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Patriquin ◽  
Jill Hatchette ◽  
Kevin Forward
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Enteroviral Meningitis ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Pcr Test

INTRODUCTION: Clinical and laboratory features of enteroviral meningitis may overlap with those of bacterial meningitis. In the present retrospective review, we compared features of enteroviral (EV)-positive and -negative patients to determine those that were most influential in admission, discharge and in anti-infective administration.METHODS: Data were analyzed from the records of 117 pediatric and adult patients who underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) EV testing over a three-year period.RESULTS: The oldest EV-positive patient was 34 years of age and the occurrence of the disease was highly seasonal. EV-positive patients were more likely to report fever, rash, photophobia, short onset and exposure to an ill contact. A positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result was associated with relatively short hospitalization. Seizure and neurological symptoms were more strongly associated with a negative PCR test result. CSF characteristics did not discriminate well between patients with positive and negative PCR tests. Patients with imperfect Glasgow Coma Scores or with neurological symptoms were more likely to be admitted to hospital than those without. Fever and recent onset predicted determinants of anti-infective use.CONCLUSION: The present retrospective study confirms previous reports regarding seasonality and the young age of positive patients. Factors that indicate nonenteroviral etiology were appropriately also those that influenced hospitalization. Patients with EV meningitis were likely to be treated with empirical anti-infectives, and a substantial proportion continued to take antibiotics for more than 24 h after receiving the positive EV PCR test result.

scholarly journals Accuracy of the serological ELISA test compared with the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy

2003 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Varella Parmigiani ◽  
Ricardo Barini ◽  
Sandra Cecília Botelho Costa ◽  
Eliana Amaral ◽  
José Carlos Gama da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Biology Technique ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

CONTEXT: The most frequently used methods for detecting antibodies are the indirect immunofluorescence test and the enzymatic immunoassay (ELISA). The polymerase chain reaction is a molecular biology technique in which the production of large amounts of specific DNA fragments is induced from very low concentrations of complex substrates aloowing the detection of very low amounts of viral particles. OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of serological/ELISA tests in comparison with the polymerase chain reaction in maternal blood to diagnose cytomegalovirus infection. DESIGN: A descriptive study was performed. SETTING: High-risk outpatient clinic of Campinas University (Unicamp). PARTICIPANTS: We selected 243 pregnant women. All of them had been indicated for blood sampling because of suspicions of cytomegalovirus infection and also because of other infections. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The group was tested for cytomegalovirus. Serological tests were run and compared to the polymerase chain reaction, which was considered to be the gold standard. Status analyses were done using Fisher's exact test, via the SAS software. RESULTS: The previous cytomegalovirus infection rate was 94.6%. The main reasons for inclusion in the study were fetal nervous system malformation (25.5%), maternal toxoplasmosis (25.5%) and Rh isoimmunization (14.8%). Only two women were included because of positive serological immunoglobulin M test for cytomegalovirus. The sensitivity and specificity of the serological tests were 94% and 6% for immunoglobulin G. CONCLUSION: Serological tests had lower sensitivity in comparison with the polymerase chain reaction test when diagnosing cytomegalovirus infection. The consequences of positive polymerase chain reaction and negative immunoglobulin M in women remain unknown.

Significance of Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction Results in HIV-Seronegative Individuals

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-288
Author(s):  
V. Soriano ◽  
I. Hewlett ◽  
M. Gutíerrez ◽  
A. Heredia ◽  
R. Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Resumption of Sport at the United States Olympic and Paralympic Training Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110027
Author(s):  
Ankit B. Shah ◽  
Dustin Nabhan ◽  
Robert Chapman ◽  
George Chiampas ◽  
Jonathan Drezner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In this brief report, we describe the safety of reopening US Olympic and Paralympic Training facilities (USOPTFs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from July 2020 through October 2020. We evaluated the prevalence of COVID-19 infection at the time of reentry and cardiopulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 in elite athletes. All athletes returning to a USOPTF were required to go through a reentry protocol consisting of an electronic health history, a 6-day quarantine including twice-daily symptom surveys, COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction and antibody testing, physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, and pulmonary function testing. Athletes with current or prior COVID-19 infection also underwent an echocardiogram, cardiology consultation, and additional testing as indicated. All athletes followed rigorous infection prevention measures and minimized contact with the outside community following reentry. At the time of this report, 301 athletes completed the reentry protocol among which 14 (4.7%) tested positive for active (positive polymerase chain reaction test, n = 3) or prior (positive antibody test, n = 11) COVID-19 infection. During the study period, this cohort accrued 14,916 days living and training at USOPTFs. Only one (0.3%) athlete was subsequently diagnosed with a new COVID-19 infection. No cardiopulmonary pathology attributable to COVID-19 was detected. Our findings suggest that residential elite athlete training facilities can successfully resume activity during the COVID-19 pandemic when strict reentry and infection prevention measures are followed. Dissemination of our reentry quarantine and screening protocols with COVID-19 mitigation measures may assist the global sports and medical community develop best practices for reopening of similar training centers.

scholarly journals Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfection in a coronavirus disease 2019 recovered young adult: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Awada ◽  
Hasan Nassereldine ◽  
Adel Hajj Ali
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Serology Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chain Reaction Test

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 has been a public health threat and a worldwide emergency for more than a year. Unfortunately, many questions concerning the pathophysiology, management, and long-term side effects remain unanswered, and novel aspects of the disease keep on emerging. Of concern to healthcare providers are the recent reported cases of reinfection. Serum coronavirus disease 2019 antibodies have been detected within a few days after onset of the disease. However, it remains unclear whether this immune response is universal, or whether it can lead to latent immunity. Case presentation A previously healthy 27-year-old white man presented with fever, chills, back pain, and other constitutional symptoms, 2 days after being exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients. His severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction was positive, and his symptoms resolved over the next 2 weeks. One month after a confirmatory negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction, he was found to be ineligible for plasma donation as his anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 serology was negative. The patient redeveloped symptoms similar to his first infection 3 weeks after the negative serology test. He and his wife both tested positive via polymerase chain reaction. Their symptoms resolved over the next few days, and they had a negative polymerase chain reaction test 10 days after the positive polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion While studies showed that anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulins start to develop early after infection, our healthy young patient’s immune system failed to mount latent immunity against the virus. This left him, especially amid widespread social and medical misconceptions, vulnerable to reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Our case disputes the timelines for immune response that were set and supported by research studies. Our case also raises questions regarding prioritizing vaccinating other individuals over those with prior infection.

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